AWANG KOUBRU ASUPPA AND ORIGIN OF OBLIQUITY OF EARTH AND PLANETS

AWANG KOUBRU ASUPPA AND ORIGIN OF OBLIQUITY OF EARTH AND PLANETS

#Awang_Koubru_Asuppa
Leima-Lai Khunda Ahanba
Nongthrei Ma-u Lingliba
Eerik Eepan Thariba
O! Lainingthou....

#The above invocation of Meetei Puya (sacred manuscript/scripture) is very intricate and is related to genesis of first human race and Meetei race. The rough literal meaning of the above verse is – the place Koubru is the cradle of the first human race called Lai and Meetei race is progeny of Lai race. Therefore, Meeteis are also known as Laigi Macha and Meetei Leipak is called Laileipak (Laireipak).
#However, today’s subject is different from the above as well as from its literal meaning! And is there any Science in the verse particularly in the triplet Awang Koubru Asuppa is the focus of today! The answer is – YES, which takes the Meetei race on the zenith of philosophy & science. The meaning is like this & is outcome of humble mind and it is left to the learned readers to take a call….!!! The words Awang Koubru Asuppa had buলমদমনি।।।

mind and started thinking why all are together that Awang (North), Koubru (North West), and then Asuppa (Together or Common). All the directions – N & NW are independent and what is common to both North & North West!!! And is it really related to evolution..??? This is the beauty of the Meetei Verse – Awang Koubru Asuppa….!!! Please have a look.
#We’ve already unraveled the meaning of the puya verse Malem Leikoi Poong in earlier post which indicates that the Earth Rotates about its own axis, Revolves round the Sun and the shape of the Earth is like a Poong (Oblate Spheroid). Now, the next immediate question is what about the Axis of Earth’s rotation (Spin Axis) and where does the Axis stand…??? Does the answer sought contain in the another Puya verse Awang Koubru Asuppa ??? 
#The_north pole of a planet is defined by the right-hand rule: if the fingers of the right hand are curled in the direction of the rotation then the thumb points to the positive pole. The tilting of the Axis of the rotation or Spin Axis of a planet or axial tilt called Obliquity is defined as the angle between the direction of the positive pole and the normal to the orbital plane. In the solar system, there is no planet whose spin axis is not tilted. Even Sun’s axis is tilted. And probably, all exo-planets in the universe have tilted spin axis. However, Were the Spin axes straight even for earth too? How was Spin Axis of the Earth (and others) tilted? What happened from straight axis to tilted axis? Let’s look at understanding of Science and that science in Meetei Puya (Philosophy). 
#The_Earth's axis of rotation or Spin Axis is not straight, not perpendicular to the plane of rotation and tilted to some degrees since the formation of the solar systems i.e. ~ 4.5 billion years ago. At present, the axis is tilted 23.5° from the vertical, but it is not fixed. This axis angle (Obliquity of earth) varies, from 22.1° to 24.5° over a period of 41,000 years called #Milankovitch_Cycle. The current tilt is 23.5°, roughly halfway between its extreme values. The tilt last reached its maximum in 8,700 BCE. Currently Earth is in its fourth Quarter of Milankovitch Cycle and is decreasing at a rate of 0.013 degree per Century. It will reach its lowest to 22.1 Degrees in about 11,800 years.
#The_Obliquity angles for all other planets in solar system are different. For Uranus and Venus, tilting angles are approximately 97°, and 177° respectively. Interestingly, due to variations in their obliquity angles, with respect to earth – Sun rises in the West & sets in the East on Venus, Sun rises in the North & sets in the South on Uranus.
#Spinning of Earth and tilting of the Spin Axis came about early in the formation of the solar system, 4.5 billion years ago and is a result of the history of the planet. The solar system started out as a large cloud of gas and dust called a nebula. This cloud was not uniform so when it started to collapse because of gravity, it didn't collapse evenly and it started to rotate gaining angular momentum. As it collapsed more and more the rotation increased (more angular momentum), much like a figure skater increases her spin by drawing in her arms. The central portion eventually formed the sun. Around the sun, other parts of the protoplanetary disk of cloud began to condense and form small bodies called planetesimals. As these planetesimals moved around the sun, they gathered more and more material until they reached the size they are today. They were already moving around the sun in orbits and probably had some spin from the collapse of the original nebula. The Earth (in fact all planets) is a top, and all large bodies out there with a spin, will continue to spin until something slows them down. In the case of the top on floor, the friction with the floor, and with air around the top, slowed it enough for it to fall over. The Earth has nothing to slow it. Earth is not slowing down in its rate of spin. That is Planets are born with some amount of angular momentum, and angular momentum must be conserved. The only way for the angular momentum to change is through interactions with other bodies. In interactions, total angular momentum is conserved, but may be exchanged between different bodies. Throughout the history of a planet, it may have many gravitational interactions which affect its obliquity. The obliquity (tilting of Spin axis) is a result of the history of all of those #Gravitational_Interactions. This is origin of Spin and obliquity of Planets as per science.
The #Giant_Impact_Theory is the best known theory for Obliquity of Earth. Prior to the giant impact, the earth spun on a perfect straight axis means there was no tilting of spin axis. Astronomers theorize that over 4.5 billion years ago, “#Theia” a plenetisimal about the size of Mars, collided with Earth to create a tilted axis. An impact #above_the_equator changes the rotational axis and speed. Following the Giant impact, Earth ended up with an axis tilt. This is the origin of Obiquity of earth’s spin axis as per science. At present, the axis is tilted 23.5° from the vertical, but it is not fixed. This tilt angle (Obliquity) oscillates between 22.1° to 24.5° over a period of 41,000 years. The reason for this changing obliquity angle is that Earth's axis also wobbles (Precession) around itself. A complete wobble of Earth's axis takes around 26,000 years. The North Star changes because of precession (wobble). 13,000 years ago, the North Star was Vega; currently, the North Star is Polaris. The North Star has changed over the past 13,000 years, and in another 13,000 years it will switch back to Vega again.
#Earth's obliquity may have been reasonably accurately measured as early as 1100 BC in India and China. The ancient Greeks had good measurements of the obliquity since about 350 BC. About 830 AD, the Caliph Al-Mamun of Baghdad measured the obliquity. In 1437, Ulugh Beg determined the Earth's axial tilt as 23.5047°.
#Now, let’s look at the #Philosophy. From immemorial time in the Meetei Race Kangleipak, there is chronicle called “#Nongkhong_Koiba (Racing around the World or Universe)”, in which – when Salailen Sitapa (Ipa Sorarel) become aged, one day Salailel Sitapa called His two sons - Sanamahi & Konchin Tukthaba and told them that as He became old, He wanted to give His fampan (seat of Kingship /throne) to one of them. “Any one of you, who can go round the Nongkhong will get the Fampan”. Powerful Sanamahi went immediately to go round the Nongkhong (Earth or Universe). While weak Konchin Tukthaba made 7 rounds of Faman Fangkhong of His father Salailel Sitapa and got the Fampan (seat of kingship) and also epithet of #Pakhangba, from His father Salailel Sitapa, before came back of Sanamahi who went round the Nongkhong. However, when Sanamahi came back, He was not happy with decision of His father of granting His fampan to Pakhangba. Thus, #Sanamahi who is actually #Eepung_Loinaba_Apakpa or #Tingpalpa_Mapu, the Universal God father, the creator of the earth ( universe) and who has incarnated just as a child to Salailel Sitapa to create Human beings, had thought of destroying the Earth (Universe) as He was not satisfied with the end result of Nongkhong Koiba. Thus, #Sanamahi_Kicked_down the Earth so vigorously with the aim of destroying it, and in this act of God, earth got tilted that is direction of True North got changed. Which means that earlier, North was pointing North i.e. Spin Axis was straight pointing at North as Science found it. Also, Sanamahi #Kicked_vigorously is equivalent to that there was a Giant Impact as Science told and also #Kicked_Down means that North (Awang) was moved downwards towards South through South West (Koubru), as a result of which North (Awang) has changed towards North West (Koubru), which actually means that Earth got Tilted Spin Axis (Obliquity). Also, since Kangleipak is above the equator, the giant impact (kick) might be above the equator as science theorized and caused the tilt of the axis. However, how much is tilted by what degree!!! The Meetei Puya Triplet “Awang Koubru Asuppa” subtly means that “Awang Su Oire Koubru Su Oire Animakpu Suppe” that is “It is also North-Awang (0 degree) and it is also North West-Koubru (45 degrees) and it is common to both that is mean of 0 degree & 45 degrees = 22.5 degrees, that is the angle at which Earth’s Spin Axis points as per Meetei Puya. The value of 22.5 degrees is within the range of 22.1 degrees & 24.5 degrees of Spin Axis as per Milankovitch Cycle and very close to the present value of 23.5 degrees as per Science. Also, since due to the vigorous kick (giant impact), the entire fabric of the space-time might have got disturbed changing the gravitational forces of interaction of all the planets and all the planets might have got tilted axes. Also, since the Nongkhong Koiba tradition is before the advent of Sanamahi creating the Beings, definitely it must be at the beginning of the evolution of the earth i.e. around 4.5 billion years old. That is, tilting of earth’s spin axis might be related to the history of planet i.e. 4.5 billion years ago.
#Summarizing, Puya verse “Awang Koubru Asuppa” means that – “Awang Oina Leijarambadu Koubru Romda Chepthakhi/Peithakhi, Aduna Awangsu Oire Koubru Su Oire Animak Suple Haibani” - has everything about science of Obliquity of Earth – about its origin of Tilt, by 22.5 degrees (Milankovitch range) , due it Giant Impact of Theia (Kick) and timeline of tilt – 4.5 billion years (Nongkhong Koiba). What a great Philosophy of Puya of Meetei race of Kangleipak !!!
#কংলৈ_সনা_লৈমায়োল্
#লাইনা_থাবা_লমদমনি।।।

By

Raghu Ningthoujam
Scientist (ISRO)

Uses of Marigold

Local Name : Sanalei

Common Name = Marigold
 

Botanical Name = Tagtes
 

Family Name = Calen duleae 

Parts Used = Dried marigold petals, leaves and roots 

Hindi name = Gendasonekephool 

The marigold is known for its bright orange colored flowers as well as its numerous medicinal properties. Marigold is grown mainly in March and April and is known to grow rapidly. There are different varieties of the plant and they are divided into four basic species. These include African Marigold, French Marigold, Triploids, and single Marigold. 

Antibiotic - Marigold flowers can be made into infusions, tinctures, and ointments that work well for skin wound, rashes, bed sores, varicose veins, diaper rash, burns of all kinds and even impetigo because it’s a great antibiotic agent. 

Oily Skin - Infusing marigold flowers in water is a simple and effective treatment for oily skin… also helps with acne and other skin blemishes.

Vitamin C - Marigold contain lots of Vitamin C which is a powerful antioxidant helping to prevent cardiovascular disease, cancer, and strokes. 

Antioxidants - Marigold flower tea has great antioxidants that help to prevent cardiovascular disease, strokes, and cancer… and prevent DNA damage. 

Detoxing - Marigold tea also helps to detox the body and stimulate the lymph system to carry away toxic agents and get rid of swelling… and detox the liver.

Insect Spray - Some people take the flowers and leaves and boil them down to make a natural spray for garden insects, and some also use it on horses for biting flies.

Dandruff - Rinsing your hair in marigold tea will sooth away dandruff. 

Stings - Taking a marigold flower and rubbing it on a insect stings will make the pain and swelling disappear. 

Natural Yellow Colouring - Marigold flowers can be boiled down to make a natural yellow food colouring.

UTI - Because marigold tea is antibiotic and anti-inflammatory it also works well for bladder infections. 

Vaginal Infections - Marigold infusion can also be used for treating vaginal infections and inflammation.

Haemorrhoids - Use an infusion of marigold flowers in a sitz bath for treating haemorrhoids.

Bathing - Put marigold infusion into your bath water to sooth away any kind of irritation. 

Eye Wash - In Egypt marigolds have been used an antiseptic eye wash for red sore eyes. 

Cold and Flues - Marigold tea has also been used for treating colds, flues, and even coughs associated with these conditions.

Spice - Some people used dried marigold flowers instead of saffron in their cooking.

No Side Effects - So far there are no side effects to marigold flowers, but herbs should not be used by those nursing or pregnant. 

Uses and Benefits of Marigold👇

1. Marigold is useful in stomach upsets, ulcers, menstrual problems, eye infections, inflammations and wound healing. 

2. The plant is antiseptic. Its flower, when rubbed on the affected part, relieves pain and swelling caused by a wasp or bee. 

3. The flowers are also used to make a lotion for sprains and wounds. 

4. The water distilled from marigold flowers is good for sore eyes, while the infusion of fresh flowers is beneficial in fever. 

5. Marigold is used to treat alopecia, bladder and kidney problems, blood in the urine and uterine bleeding. 

6. Bright yellow and orange flowers are used for making garlands and decorate religious places. 

7. The leaves are used as a part of salads. 

8. The plant is used for abdominal cramps and constipation. 

9. Marigold is good for treating bedsores, chapped lips, leg ulcers, persistent ulcers, bruises and varicose veins. 

10. It is used during aromatherapy, as a skin treatment. 

11. Marigold cream treats hemorrhoids and infant bums to help fight diaper rash. 

12. It serves as an excellent mouthwash after tooth extraction 

13. Marigold tea is also known to be effective against painful mouth and stomach ulcers as well as colitis. Marigolds are effective in this aspect because they tend to stimulate the lymphatic system and thereby minimize the swelling as well as cleanse the body of toxins which may be contributin g to the ulcers. 

14. Marigold is also used in the form of an ointment for women who are suffering from breast cancer to minimize the dermatitis that is usually caused by chemotherapy.

NUPI SINGNA KHONGDRUM ,TOROBOT, MAIREN KHY KHIDA BA GI WARI.

NUPI SINGNA KHONGDRUM ,TOROBOT, MAIREN
KHY KHIDA BA GI WARI....

NONGMA MALEM ASIDA NAMU TYBANG MEEOI BANA MALEM DA LEITRI NGEI KHOIYUM LAIYAM SING NA MALEM C BU MAGI MAGI MASAI KON SEMDUNA LEIRI NGEI EBUDHOU NONGDA LAIREN PAKHANGBA NA NAMU TYBANG MEE SEMLA GE MALEM C BU MAHUT MAREI SILHOU DUNA YUMRING KEIRING PALHOU DUNA TYBANG KUMHEI SANARA GE HYNA LEPLAK LE LEIBAK PUNGCHAO THINDUNA LAIYAM SINGDA PAOJEL LAM MI TYBANG KUMHEI SANA BA HOURA GANII MA C DA YENG NINGBA SING NA LAPI YU HAINA LAOTHOK LAM MI HUJIK MEEYAM NA KOUBRU HYNA KHANG NARI BA ASI GI NUP ANI (2) SURAM MI AHAN GI MAMING NA (KOUNU) KOU A ATOMBI GI MAMING NA (ECHUM LAIREMBI) KOU A KOUBRU GI NUPI ATOM BI (ECHUM LAIREMBI) MAPARI AMA FANGJA RAM MI
(ECHUM LAIREMBI) NA MAPARI GA NUNGY NA SANAJABA URA GA KOUBRU GI THAMOI NA YAMNA PENJA KHI ASUMNA YAMNA NUNGY NA ADUM LEIRAK KHI (KOUNU) NA
(ECHUM LAIREMBI) DA TYBANG KUMHEI SANA BA YENGLU C HYNA HOURAM E....(KOUNU) NA NAHAK CHAKHUM DA CHAK THONGLU RO ECHE NA SETNA BA CHAREI FIZOL AHAN BA KHANTOK LAM LA GE EINA CHAKHUM DA MAIREN AMA THAMLAM BANI MADU OINA THONGO HYRAM KHI (ECHUM LAIREMBI) NA CHAKHUM DA CHAK THONG NABA GI CHANG KHRE MAHAK TI CHENG SUDA B DA CHAT NING MAN BEI MAYAI NA YEIRI BA PUNGJAO GI PUNGKHOL DA MAMIT CHEJET NA UISIN DUNA CHEITEK AMA PYDUNA CHAFU DA KAK-KAK YEIRAM MI....NGYHAK LEIRAGA (KOUNU) NA EBEMA CHTNABA TWRA C CHK LOIRA BO HANG LAKPA DA (ECHUM LAIREMBI) NA KHANG BOI KEI BOI EH...EKAO BU KAO E HYDUNA MACHEM NA THAM LAMBA MAIREN ADU THONG NABA GI KHYNABA THOURANG TOURAM E MAHAK KI ERANG DUNA TAORI NGEI MAHAK NA MAKHA DA YENGTHADANA TAN THANA-THANA MYREN ADUBU TAMNA KHANG YAN YANTHARAK LAM MI MADUDA MAHAK KI MAPARI DI SAN SADUNA MYREN ADUBU KONDUNA SANA RI BOI RE MAHAK NA MACHA NUPA GI LAWAI LEMFU DA KAN NA YANTHA RAK LAM MI....MAHAK NA YALI DU MAIREN NTTE KHANGLAK PADA GI MAHAK NA YENGTHARU BADA MAGI MAPARI OIRAM KHI MAHAK NA MAPARI ADU KONDUNA KAN NA KAP LAK LAM MI...KOUBRU KOUNU TABA DA GI KAN NA CHEN SIN NARAK LAM MI MAHAK KU MATOU DU UBADA KOUBRU D PUNGAK NGAK KHI (ECHUM LAIREMBI) NA WARI PUMBA CHITHA DANA TAMLE KOUBRU NA HYRAK KHI NGAC KOUBA NUMIT ASHIDA MEETEI LEIPAK TA YEK TARET SALAI MAPAL GI NUPI OIBI SING NA KHONGDRUM,MAIREN,TOROBOT KHYDA BA OIRASA NU HYNA HY KHI.

LUHONGBADA KUNDO LEIRAANG SHIJINNAKHIBA

LUHONGBADA KUNDO LEIRAANG SHIJINNAKHIBA

Nahaan nong chingngu Sorarel na  khoiyum lai, laiyamsinggi ningthou oiduna koubru chingge chingdonda konung oiduna pallammi chingngu sorarel sidabagi Nongmainu Ahongbi koubi masak matou fajakhrabi mamom macha nupi ama leirammi chingngu sorarengi macha nupi asi khoiyum lai pakhang khudingmakna mage mage taloi oeininglammi khoiyum lai pakhangsing asige palem panthou pumnamaknasu Nongmainubu makhoi makhoige mamou oeininglammi Nongmadi khoiyum lairemba lairembi pumnamak asina mage mage mapari lai pakhangsing asi pure hairaga chingngu soraren ge mafamda lakkhi aduga soraren ge mafamda mahakki machanupi Nongmainu ahongbibu makhoi makhoi ge macha lai pakhangsing aduda thajabiro makhoi makhoi ge mamou oeijarage haijakhi Asumna khoiyum laiyam ama laktuna soraren ge konung asida pumlang langnaringei asida chingngu soraren ge tongnaba chingngu mahakki sagol yaisa anikhak nanthoraklaga chellaktuna Kangla ge awang thangba maikeida leiriba Chaokhong , hidenda sajik hanou chaduna leirammi sagol yaisa anina chingngu soraren ge konungdage nanthoktuna thokkhibase khoiyum lai amata khanghoudre Asumna sagol yaisa anina sajik hanou chaduna leiringei matam asida chingngu Nongda Lairen Pakhangba amadi Leimarenbi Laisana anina poklamba Nongda Lairen Pakhangbana thuplamdaida yamna nouna Poirei Meitei leipakki ningthou haplamlaba Khuiyoi Tompok kouba ningthou pakhang amana mahakki madairem angamba aniga loinana awang caokhong hiden lomda asum asum koithorakpada chingngu soraren ge sagol yaisa ani asi ubada Khuiyoi Tompok na madairem ani aduge mafamda hairak-e - Edairemsa awang chaokhong hiden asida sajik chaduna leiriba sagol Malik kha anisi amukta fasi Makhoi ahumna sagol ani adu fananaba hotnarammi sagol ani adusu makhoibu fananaba thouranglakpa aduda nanthoktuna chennanaba hotnarammi adubu khuiyoi Tompok amadi madairem anina ymna khonglei thuna chensinduna sagol ani adu kanna hotnaduna faramme sagol ani adu makhoi ahumna fare hairaga manak aduwaida houramba masing panba lei pambi khara fukle hairaga lei pambi aduna thouri oeiduna sagol adubu punkhi lei pambi aduna thouri oeiduna sagol adubu pulli haibagidamak lei aduge mamingbu pullei haina koukhi Asumna makhoi ahumna sagol adu faraba matungda Kuiyoi Tompok na madairem amabu mahakki sagol ge yachal amadi sagol ge thouri lourunaba konungda thakhi manai aduna yamna thuna sagol ge yachal amadi sagol thouri louruduna Khuiyoi Tompok ta pirare Khuiyoi Tompok amadi madairem sing aduna soraren ge sagol ani adu yachal laksille amasung sagol ge sabal hapchille Khuiyoi Tompok na madairem anige mafamda hairak-e " Edairemsa sagol amana ei thourage sagol amana edairem anina thouro sagol ani asi kadai faoba chatpage yengsi " Khuiyoi Tompok ki yathang matung enna madairem anina sagol Amada tongduna thoure aduga Khuiyoi Tompok na sagol ama thoure hairaga sagol asina chatningba mafamda maning tamna chathalle............
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Sagol ani asinasu Khuiyoi Tompok amadi madairem ani asibu makhoige mayanglenda tonghalle hairaga nungshitki mamang thaduna yamna yangna chenduna makhoige leifam awang koubruge chingdol chingngu soraren ge konung tanna chellakle makhoi ahumna sagol ani asi thouduna asum asum lakpana ngeihakki matungda chingngu soraren ge konung yaure konung ge thongngakpa manaisingna Khuiyoi Tompok amadi madairem anibu changhandana khamduna thamlaga thongngakpa ama chingngu soraren ge manakta changkhre aduga chingngu soraren ge mafamda haikhi " Chingngu ebungngo Lainingthou chingngu nahak nattana khoiyum kanana tongfadraba ebungngo ge sadong sagol yaisa anibu namutaibang samu mikok ahumna faraga tongduna konung ge sanathongda thoujillak-e nadairem thongngakpa akhoina namu taibang ahum adubu thingduna khamlaga thamhouri chingngu na wayen cheirak pibiganido lainingthou " Manai ge yawa taraga chingngu soraren na yamna saona haikhi " acha cha lakcheida chingngu eige khongnetsa sagol yaisa anibu koiyum laisu nattaba namu taibang na faraga tonglaba " namu taibang kanage machano soraren eige efamda thuna yangna pusillaku " Soraren ge wahei asi taraga manai thongngakpa thuna yangna sanathong da thoklaktuna Khiyoi Tompok amadi madairem anibu soraren ge manakta pusillak-e Khiyoi Tompok amadi madairem anina chingngu soraren bu ubada khuru khudk kunduna khurammi aduga hougatlaga Maru lukna leptuna leirammi matam asida chingngu soraren na hairak- e " chingngu eige yaisa sagol malikkha ani asibu nakhoina faduna tonglakliba asi mafam kadaidagi farakpano naming a Kari Kari kouwi nakhoibu pokpa palem panthou ge mingna Kari Kari kouwi " Matam aduda Khuiyoi tompok na khutfang changjou tara lonnajaraga khumjakhi " chingngu khoiyum Lainingthou tollaba kada ngakpiyu lanlaba kada kanbiyu namu taibang mapokta poklaba tollaba nanai akhoina chingngu ge khongnet yaisa sagol ani faduna tongba etik natchade nanai eihaksi Meitei Porei lamdamda ningthou oeina pallamba Meidungngu Nongda Lairen pakhangba amadi ema Laisana anina thamlamba maparini emingna Khuiyoi Tompok haina koujei , palem panthou animak leikhidrabana taibang nacha eihakna meitei porei lamdam ge kanglei pibarel oeiduna ningthou oeina panjari " Ngasi korou nongjada tollaba nacha eihakna edairem aniga loinana malang echik themlusi wanglen ngahak potharusi haiduna Kangla ge awang chaokhong hiden lomda khongsallakpada sagol malikkha anisi sajik hanou chaduna leirammi sagol ani asi ubada nadairem akhoige thamoida sagol ani asibu tongningbana paima pukning langtaknei nadairem akhoina chingngu ge sagol ni khangjarudabana sagol asibu faduna yachal lakle hairaga tongjarubani lainingthou asi haiduna paokhumjarakle amakpa yaodraba Khuiyoi Tompok ki wahei taraga chingngu ningthou soraren na chingngu mahakki sagol du tongduna lakliba namu taibang makhoi ahumsi maral leitre khanduna karigumba makhal amatagi cheirak cheitheng pikhidre adugesu mathakta Nongda Lairen Pakhangba amadi Laisana anige machani haibaduna hennadum nungsina luna chana toubire Ngeihakki matungda chingngu ningthou soraren na hairak-e " epagi ebungngo Khuiyoi Tompok ngasi epagi eranyaida chingngu lai pakhang mayam ama laktuna epagi emom Nongmainu Ahongbibu mahakki taloi oeijanaba pinabiro haina nirari epana laipakhang mayamsi samba panggal Chang yengnaraga khwaidage kanba tamba aduda emom Nongmainu Ahongbibu epana thajarage khalli nangsu thouram asi yenglakho yaorakho haiduna haibikhi " Khuiyoi Tompok na fagani epa ebungngo haiduna khurumjei Chingngu ningthou soraren mapari Khuiyoi Tompok pu puraduna khoiyum lai nupa nupi mayamna chonna ngarang ngarang tinduna leiriba mafam aduda changlak-e..............
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Khoiyum lairembi mayamge marakta Nongmainu Ahongbisu matasingga loinana yaori panthou mapana puduna lakliba namu taibang mee Khuiyoi Tompok pu urubada Nongmainu Ahongbi ekhang khanghoudana makhongdage makok faoba tu khiyao laona chungkhi mapukningda Khuiyoi Tompok pu nungsiba faokhi karisu tourudana fathaba ngamdaba makhei thamoida mihun ting ting chongkhatlakkhi Nongmainu Ahongbi Khuiyoi Tompok ki taloi oeijage lepchakhi matang asida chingngu ningthou soraren na Khuiyoi Tompok pu mafam chana famhallaga Khoiyum laiyamsingge mamangda thoraktuna chinggoi mapao laorak-e khoiyum soraren eihakna chingngu ge matik mayai leiraba hunnanaba nungbi nunglen amabu latlaga thamlido asigumba nunglense khoiyum laiyam nakhoina hunduna panggal changyengnaro khwaidage sanna hunba ngamba khwaidage kanba tamba aduda emom Langlen Nongmainu bu thajarage khoiyum nakhoina Kari hainingba haina laorakkhi khoiyum laiyamsingna soraren ge mapao taraga chingngu ebungngo lainingthou chingngu na takpiba nayathang nadairem akhoi yajare haina khumkhi khoiyum laiyamsingna yarabanina soraren na chingngu ge matik leiraba hunnanaba chaoraba nungbi nunglen adubu puthorakle Chingngu soraren na puthorakliba lumlaba nungbi nunglen adu khoiyum laiyamsingna amage mathangda ama amage mathangda ama nunglen adubu langngi khoiyum kanana sanna langba yaowi , khoiyum kanana esan sandana langngi asumna nung asibu khoiyum laiyamsingna langnaringeida Nongmainu Ahongbina " singngel oeinamba lei haina kouba leirangna pomlakpa matamdage engou ngouna pomlaklaga singngel na leisat tamjaba matamdasu singel leisak leichu ondana engou ngouna satchabi leirangna leikhok loiduna kenjabadasu leichu hongdana engou ngouna kenjabi lei houjikna kundo " hairaga khangnariba lei asibu hekluraga singngel leinaa amana yomduna khoinou mata channabi amada leirang adubu Khuiyoi Tompok ki mafamda amukta pibiru haiduna thilhankhi aduga wahei asisu hairammu haiduna takpikhi " singel oeinamba lei asina amakpa amta yaodana singel na leisat tambagum Nongmainu koubi lairembise amakpa amta leijade nura mahakki punsise pakhang nangonda katlabani haiduna hairammu takpikhi " Nongmainu ge mata aduna Nongmainu ge yathang adubu elladuna singel oeinamba lei adubu puraduna Khuiyoi Tompok ki mafamda hairammi Khuiyoi Tompok nasu Nongmainu ge matana purakliba leirang adubu harao harao louhouwi Asigumba Nongmainu Ahongbina khoinou mata amada singel oeinamba lei kundo asibu Khuiyoi Tompok ki mafamda thilhankhiba asidagi louraga ngasi ngasi faobada luhonggadoriba piba pakhang amage mafamda luhonggadoribi nupi chanu ningol aduge mayumdage kanagumba madu ningthou moupa amada luhongdringeige mamangda singel kundo leirangbu thilhanba chatnarakkhi masibu houjikki matamda bor baton touba hairaga khangnari...........
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Khoiyum laiyam singna nunglen adubu langnaba loiraklabada chingngu ningthou soraren na Khuiyoi Tompok ki mafamda hairak-e " epage Khuiyoi nahaksu nunglen asi amukta langngudana " Chingngu ningthou soraren ge WA taraga Khuiyoi Tompokna hairak-e " EPA ebungngo khoiyum laiyamna langba faoba waraba nunglen asibu namu namu taibang mapokta poklaba taibang mee eihakna kadaidage hunba ngamlagadabano " Khuiyoi Tompok ki WA tabada Nongmainu Ahongbi Khuiyoi Tompok nung langlaroidara haina mathawai wajakhi nung adubu Khuiyoi parap parap hek changsillaktuna nung adubu yamna sanna langhanninglammi marak asida Khuiyoi Tompok nungbi nunglen aduge manakta changsillak-e nunglen adubu maraibak ahumlak Kattuna thanggatlak-e nung adu mahakki marengban yaunanaba hotnabada masa thak thak nik-e , humangna lok li houba makhei chelli uchin nachinna nung adu marengban yaure nunglen adu hunnanaba semsaba hourakpada nunglen aduna lummanbana makhong khongfam chana leppa ngamdaduna tusilli khoiyum laiyamna Khuiyoi da yenglaga WA WA laona noksilli Karem kathainaba waheinasu laosinba yaorak-e " heh namu taibang mee khoiyum Lai akhoina fao langba waraba nunglen adubu namu taibang mee nangna kamdouna hungadoribano ha ? " Khoiyum laiyamsingge minok michei adu taraga khuiyoi Tompok mabu pokpa palem panthou anibu ningsinglak-e mamai kourou nongthouda onduna mama mapabu kouduna nunglen asibu laiyamsingna langnariba asidage henna sanna langba ngamba thouna happiyu haina nirak-e Heh ! EPA ebungngo Nongda Lairen Pakhangba Leisana koubi palem ema ebemma korou nongdonna wangbara panthou epasu mawangngi , malem leina lumbara palem emasu marummi palem panthou anina pokpiramba asengba nacha Makta oeirabadi ngasi nachana khoiyum laiyamsingge mamangda ekai firuk khumgadouba palem panthou anige koloi minglen malem leikhada tagadabadage nacha eige efamda epage thouna pibiduna emage thouna happiduna ngasi nachana langjagadoriba nungbi nunglen asi khoiyum laiyamsingna langnariba asidage henna sanna langjaba ngamba pinabiyuko haina palem panthou anibu khurumjaraga nunglen adubu maraibak ahumlak Kattuna nunglen adu langgadabage sem sarakle.........
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Nakal amaromdana kamdouri chingngu soraren ge mamom ebemma Nongmainu Ahongbi na Khuiyoi Tompok na nung adu khoiyum laiyamna langnariba adudage henna sanna langba ngamjanabage tengbanba mapu ge mafamda thounijarak-e chingngu khoiyum lainingthou napari nacha Khuiyoi Tompok na epa soraren na puthorakliba chingngu nahakki natik leiraba nungbi nunglen asidage chingngu nahakki natik nayai asi wanglen kharadadi louthokpiduna nacha Khuoyoi Tompok na langjabada lasing leirangge mafolgum eyang yanghanbiduna khoiyum lai pakhangsingna langnariba asidage henna sanna langjaba ngamba pinabiyuko tengbanbage mapu haiduna khuramjakhi Nongmainu Ahongbi na lai khurumjaribasi korou nongdon thakta atingkok mapu thawai yaibirel sidabana ubiraduna Khuiyoi na langgadoriba nunglen adudage chingngu ge matik mayai adu mikup khara Khuiyoina nung adu langba loidri faoba louthokpire Chingngu ge matik mayai adu louthokpirabanina nung adu lasingge mafolgumna eyang yangledo Khuiyoi na yanglaba nung adu khutpai chetna pairaga mating fudoktuna leijabi thaduna langlakle lai ge nongdamdage Khuiyoi Tompok na langlakliba nung aduna khoiyum lai pakhangsingna langnariba adudage yamna henna sanna langledo Khuiyoi Tompok na yamna henna sanna langlakpa adudadi Nongmainu Ahongbi haraobage pankhei leikhidre haraobana mathum marang houkhibadage Nongmainu Ahongbi matasingge mafamda wa haijaba faoba sor thabet thabet honduna leiyeng leifai chattuna mayek sengna haiba ngamkhide matang asida soraren na laiyam ge mangda thoklaktuna hairakkhi Khoiyum laiyamsa houjikti nunglen asibu langnabada Khuiyoi Tompok na ehen helledo maram asina chingngu eige emom Nongmainu Ahongbi asi Khuiyoi Tompok ki mafamda thajarage ko haikhi Khoiyum laiyam singnasu yanaraduna Nongmainu Ahongbi bu chingngu ningthou soraren na Khuiyoi Tompok ki mafamda awong awun chaona tambiduna luhongkhi luhongba asida Nongmainu na singel oeinamaba lei asibu hekluraga pareng lengduna leirang ngakkoi semduna Nongmainu Ahongbina Khuiyoi Tompok ki mafamda hukchakhi maram asidage Nongmainu Ahongbina singel oeinamba kundo leibu heklaga leirang pareng lengduna Khuiyoi Tompok ki ngaksamda hukkhiba asidage matou tamduna ngasi faobada sabi sanou oeiriba meitei akhoige luhongbada singel oeinamba lei kundo leirang asi sijinnakhi...!!!!

Happy Learning

Do you really want to professionally grow and develop yourself and looking to enhanace your skills and expertise ? Find below the list of website having numbers of courses and resources you can access totally free of cost. Happy Learning.

1- www.edx.org
2- www.coursera.org
3- www.udacity.com
4- www.edraak.org
5- www.class.stanford.edu
6- www.venture-lab.org
7- www.education.10gen.com
8- www.openhpi.de
9- www.ocw.mit.edu
10- www.khanacademy.org
11- www.oli.cmu.edu
12- www.oyc.yale.edu
13- www.webcast.berkeley.edu
14- www.openclassroom.stanford.edu/MainFolder/HomePage.php
15- www.see.stanford.edu
16- www.ck12.org
17- www.udemy.com
18- www.skillshare.com
19- www.codecademy.com
20- www.p2pu.org
21- www.ed.ted.com
22- www.myopencourses.com
23- www.myopencampus.in
24- www.nptel.iitm.ac.in
25- www.saylor.org
26- www.nalandau.com
27- www.academicearth.org
28- www.youtube.com/education
29- www.phodphad.com
30- www.learntobe.org
31- www.floqq.com
32- www.learnerstv.com
33- http://www.coursetalk.org
34- http://www.skillacademy.com
35- http://www.mruniversity.com
36- www.alison.com

Important Facts About Solar Systemt

Important Facts About Solar Systemt

The Solar System was formed approximately 4.6 billion years ago and consists of the Sun, planets, dwarf planets and other astronomical objects bound in its orbit. The formation was cause by the collapse of a giant molecular cloud, the mass at the center collecting to form the Sun and a flat disk of dust around it which the planets and other bodies would eventually be formed from.

• 99.86% of the system’s mass is found in the Sun and the majority of the remaining 0.14% is contained within the solar system’s eight planets.

• The four smaller inner planets, also known as the “terrestrial planets” (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars), are primarily composed of rock and metal.

• The four outer planets, also known as the “gas giants” (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune), are substantially larger and more massive than the inner planets.

• The two innermost gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, are the larger of the four and are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.

• The two outermost gas giants, Uranus and Neptune, are composed largely of ices, (water, ammonia and methane) and are sometimes also referred to as the “ice giants“.

• Other objects of note in the Solar System are the dwarf planets (Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake & Eris),moons, asteroids, the asteroid belt, comets and the Kuiper belt.

Below is a brief overview of the eight primary planets in our solar system, in order from the inner solar system outward:

1. Mercury

2. Venus

3. Earth

4. Mars

5. Jupiter

6. Saturn

7. Uranus

8. Neptune

9. Pluto (Dwarf Planet)

1.MERCURY:

• Discovery: Known to the ancients and visible to the naked eye

• Named for: Messenger of the Roman gods

• Diameter: 3,031 miles (4,878 km)

• Orbit: 88 Earth days

• Day: 58.6 Earth days

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and is also the smallest of the eight planets in our solar system.

2. For every 2 orbits of the Sun, which takes around 88 Earth days, Mercury completes three rotations of its axis.

3.It is gravitationally locked and this rotation is unique to the solar system.

4. Every seven years or so, Mercury can be seen from Earth passing across the face of the Sun.

5. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system.

6. After the Earth, Mercury is the second densest planet.

7.Mercury has no moons or rings.

8. The planet has just 38% of the gravity on Earth.

9. Mercury is only the second hottest planet.

10. Only two spacecraft have ever visited Mercury.

2.VENUS:

• Discovery: Known to the ancients and visible to the naked eye

• Named for: Roman goddess of love and beauty

• Diameter: 7,521 miles (12,104 km)

• Orbit: 225 Earth days

• Day: 241 Earth days

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. Venus, the second planet from the sun.

2. enus does not have any moons or rings.

3. Venus is nearly as big as the Earth with a diameter of 12,104 km.

4. Venus is thought to be made up of a central iron core, rocky mantle and silicate crust.

5. A day on the surface of Venus (solar day) would appear to take 117 Earth days.

6. A year on Venus takes 225 Earth days.

7. The surface temperature on Venus can reach 471 °C.

8. Venus is also known as the Morning Star and the Evening Star.

9. Venus is often called the Earth’s sister planet.

10. Venus is the second brightest object in the night sky.

3.EARTH:

• Diameter: 7,926 miles (12,760 km)

• Orbit: 365.24 days

• Day: 23 hours, 56 minutes

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. Earth is the Only Planet Known to Have Life.

2. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is the largest of the terrestrial planets.

3. The Earth was formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago and is the only planet to support life.

4. Earth is Almost a Sphere.

5. Earth is the only planet not named for a mythological god or goddess.

6. Earth’s atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen.

7. Earth has a very powerful magnetic field.

8. The highest point found on Earth is Mount Everest.

9. Earth is the most dense planet in the solar system.

10. Earth’s atmosphere divided in 5 sections from the surface: Troposphere (0-13 km), Ozone Layer (13-25 km), Stratosphere (25-50 km), Mesosphere (50-75 km), and Thermosphere (75-150 km).

4. MARS:

• Discovery: Known to the ancients and visible to the naked eye

• Named for: Roman god of war

• Diameter: 4,217 miles (6,787 km)

• Orbit: 687 Earth days

• Day: Just more than one Earth day (24 hours, 37 minutes)

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. Mars and Earth have approximately the same landmass.

2. Mars has the largest dust storms in the solar system.

3. Only 18 missions to Mars have been successful ( As of September 2014).

4. This is the fourth planet from the sun, is a cold, dusty place.

5. Mars is sometimes called the Red Planet because of the brownish-red color of its surface.

6. Mars is the second smallest planet in the solar system.

7. Mars Used To Have A Thicker Atmosphere.

8. Mars Has Two Moons And One Of Them Is Doomed.

9. Mars Has Methane In Its Atmosphere.

10. On mars sunsets is blue.

5.JUPITER:

• Discovery: Known to the ancients and visible to the naked eye

• Named for: Ruler of the Roman gods

• Diameter: 86,881 miles (139,822 km)

• Orbit: 11.9 Earth years

• Day: 9.8 Earth hours

IMPORTANT FACTS:

1. The fifth planet from the sun, Jupiter is huge and is the most massive planet in our solar system.

2. Jupiter has the shortest day of the eight planets.

3. Jupiter has at least 67 moons in satellite around the planet.

4. Jupiter is the fourth brightest object in the solar system.

5. It is so big that more than 1300 Earths could fit inside it.

6. Jupiter has many moons circling around it. Four of these moons are bigger than Pluto.

7. Jupiter has a very strong magnetic field, you would weigh two and a half times as much as you would on Earth.

8. Jupiter has a very unique cloud layer.

9. Jupiter orbits the Sun once every 11.8 Earth years.

10. Jupiter has a thin ring system.

6.SATURN:

• Discovery: Known to the ancients and visible to the naked eye

• Named for: Roman god of agriculture

• Diameter: 74,900 miles (120,500 km)

• Orbit: 29.5 Earth years

• Day: About 10.5 Earth hours

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. The sixth planet from the sun is known most for its rings.

2. Saturn is the second largest planet in our solar system.

3. The most common nickname for Saturn is “The Ringed Planet”.

4. Saturn is the flattest planet.

5. Saturn can be seen with the naked eye.

6. Saturn has 150 moons and smaller moonlets.

7. Saturn has the fastest winds of any other planet in our solar system.

8. Saturn is 1,424,600,000 km from the Sun. This is around 0.9 billion miles.

9. Saturn is the least dense planet in the Solar System.

10. Saturn has only been visited 4 times by spacecraft.

7.URANUS:

• Discovery: 1781 by William Herschel (was thought previously to be a star)

• Named for: Personification of heaven in ancient myth

• Diameter: 31,763 miles (51,120 km)

• Orbit: 84 Earth years

• Day: 18 Earth hours

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. The seventh planet from the sun, Uranus is an oddball.

2. Uranus was officially discovered by Sir William Herschel in 1781.

3. Uranus is often referred to as an “ice giant” planet.

4. Uranus cannot be seen from the Earth without a telescope.

5. It has the third-largest planetary radius and fourth-largest planetary mass in the Solar System.

6. Uranus wind speeds can reach up to 900 km per hour.

7. Uranus is the coldest planet in the solar system.

8. Uranus has 27 moons.

9. A year on Uranus is equal to 84.01 Earth Years (orbit around the sun).

10. In 1986, Voyager 2 visited Uranus, until then, little was known about this planet.

8.NEPTUNE:

• Discovery: 1846

• Named for: Roman god of water

• Diameter: 30,775 miles (49,530 km)

• Orbit: 165 Earth years

• Day: 19 Earth hours

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. The eighth planet from the sun, Neptune is known for strong winds, sometimes faster than the speed of sound.

2. Neptune is a gaseous planet, composed of hydrogen, helium, methane, with traces of ammonia and water.

3. The only spacecraft ever to visit Neptune was Voyager 2 in 1989.

4. It takes Neptune 164.8 Earth years to orbit the Sun.

5. Neptune has the second largest gravity of any planet in the solar system second only to Jupiter.

6. If you weigh 100 lbs, your weight on Neptune would be 113 lbs. (multiply your actual weight by 1.13).

7. One Neptune day is equal to 16 hours in Earth time.

8. One Neptune year is equal to 164.83 Earth Years.

9. Neptune has 14 moons.

10. Neptune spins on its axis very rapidly.

9.PLUTO (DWARF PLANET):

• Discovery: 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh

• Named for: Roman god of the underworld, Hades

• Diameter: 1,430 miles (2,301 km)

• Orbit: 248 Earth years

• Day: 6.4 Earth day

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. Once the ninth planet from the sun, Pluto is unlike other planets in many respects. It is smaller than Earth's moon.

2. Pluto was discovered on February 18th, 1930 by the Lowell Observatory.

3. Pluto has five known moons.

4. Pluto is one third water.

5. Pluto has a heart shape on its surface.

6. Pluto is the only known dwarf planet with an atmosphere.

7. It takes about five hours for sunlight to reach Pluto.

8. No spacecraft has ever visited Pluto. However, the spacecraft New Horizons, which was launched in 2006, is scheduled to fly by Pluto in 2015.

9. Officially, Pluto’s name is now asteroid number 134340 after being downgraded from a planet to a dwarf planet.

10. On Pluto, the sun rises and sets about once a week.

ADDITIONAL FACTS ABOUT SOLAR SYSTEM 
BLACK HOLE:

IMPORTANT FACTS: 

1. A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape.

2. You can’t directly see a black hole.

3.Famous black holes are Cygnus X-1, Sagittarius A*, M87 and Centaurus A.

Press release regarding MoUs signed during North East Development Summit NEDS at Imphal

Press release regarding MoUs signed during North East Development Summit NEDS at Imphal on 21-22nd Nov 2017:

A total of 39 MoUs signed across various sectors totaling an amount of approx 5000 Crores. Department of Textiles, Commerce and Industries signed 15 MoUs : one with IOC for infrastructure development and laying White oil pipeline from Numaligarh via Nagaland to Manipur for investment of more than Rs. 1400 crore. 11 MoUs pertaining to minerals exploration and mining: 7 pertaining to Chromite, 4 pertaining to Limestone and Cement Plant. One MoU Reg. Apparel and Garments, one relates with Spices and food processing and one MoU for setting up a Drug and Pharmaceuticals Industry.

Health and Family Welfare Department signed 7 MoUs pertaining to setting up Health Science College with SIMS, Chennai, 3 MoUs with Shija Group for setting up an Institute of Medical Sciences, international hospital at Moreh and a comprehensive Eye care hospital; Mobile Health Care project with ASACAINDIA; Cancer awareness and Screening Camps with ROKOCancer Charitable Trust; Setting up Upskilling courses by Apollo Mediskills Chennai.

Manipur Infrastructure Development Agency MIDA signed MoU withM/s. Expert Enterprises for a Multi facility Shopping Mall in Manipur.
Planning Deptt signed MoU with M/s Anitllia Cont. Pvt Ltd for multi sector development project covering Power, Tourism, Road Infrastructure, Hospitality, Waste management and Health Education.

Finance Department signed MoU with INDO SWISS center Switzerland for facilitating attracting investment, trade, tourism.
Agriculture Department signed MoU with MSTC for emarketing of agricultural produces from Manipur.

Tourism Department signed MoU with Lao PDR for Development of tourism.
Tourism Department also signed MOU with M/s Star Track Business House Pvt Ltd Mumbai for Infrastructure Development project for Rs. 50 crore.

Manipur Police Housing Corporation MPHC signed MoU with M/s Fitzroy Salai Holdings Kolkata for Cable Car project

Forest Deptt signed 4 MoUs : 2 with HSMM group for Agarwood plantation and production of essential oil, commercial production ofOrchids and essential oils. They signed
MoU with NRL for production of biofuels from Bamboo and with TRIFED for minimum support prices for minor forest produces.
Hr. Edn Department signed  MoU with M/s UNESCO Center UK for setting up a private university in Manipur.

Some surprising facts about the Northeast

🌸🌼 *NORTH EAST INDIA* 🌼🌸

Arunachal  Pradesh Governor *P B Acharya* said, " Indians know more about the US than about  the Northeast".

🌻Here are some of the surprising facts about the Northeast.

1) There are *eight states* in Northeast: Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim, Nagaland.

2) There are nearly *220 languages* spoken in the Northeast, It is a mix of Tibetan, South-east Asian and East Indian Cultures.

3) Northeast is the only part of India that the *Mughal Empire could not  conquer*.

4) The *Ahom Dynasty*, which ruled the Northeast for 600 years, is the longest unbroken Dynasty in Indian history.

5) The world's largest river island, the *Majuli* and the world's smallest river island, *Umananda* both are in the Northeast.

6) *Seven prominent National Parks* of India are located in Northeast.

7) *Shillong* is considered as the Rock Capital of India.

8) *Mawsynram* in Meghalaya holds the Guinness World Record for being the Wettest Place on Earth.

9) *Sualkuchi* in Assam is one of the World's largest weaving villages where the entire population is engaged in weaving Silk Fabrics.

10) *Muga*, the Golden Silk of Assam, is not produced anywhere else in the World.

11) It is the cleanest region in India. *Mawlynnong* in Meghalaya is the cleanest village in *entire Asia*.

12) 70% of the country's *Orchids* are found in Northeast.

13) Mizoram and Tripura are among the states with the highest *Literacy* rate in India.

14) There is *no Dowry* culture in entire Northeast.

15. Naga king chilli is the guines book of worl record hottest chilli in the world, which is the native plant of Nagaland.

16. Guines book of world record on largerst number of guitarist holds by Nagaland.

17. Guiness book of world record of largest number of drummers holds by Manipur.

18. Tragopan bird is available only in Nagaland in the world.

Ashiba

Mamangeida Malem Phaona maming chatkhiba "Ningthourel" ama Leirami.
Malemgi meepum khudingna matik mathouna khangkhiba Ningthouni. Leibak kaya khudum chanduna Pak chaoraba Leingak amagi mapu oikhiba ningthouni.

Yamna nouna masagi chahi 32 da Leikhide....suknagi numit 12 anabagi famungda Laikannaramlaga nouna Leikhidraba "Ningthourel"ni.

Mahakna naduna Leiringei matamda Magi maruoiba phamnaibasing kousinduna angakpa thou khara sinnarami.

Mahakna mahaki phamnaibasingda mahakki hakchang sonjillakpaduna maram oiraga mahak kuina punsiroidaba manbagi wapham phongdoklami.
Aduga mahakna karigumba siragadi makhoina tougadaba thou kharasu sinnarami.
1. Mahakki thawai yaodraba hakchang haplaba 'ku'du Malemgi Phaoraba Laiyengba Doctor singna 'Manfam' tanna puhallu.
2. Thawai yaodraba hakchangdu 'Mangpham younaba pugadouriba Lambidu  Sana-Lupa, mani-mukta kaya chaithok u.
3. Mahaki makhut anidu kugi mapanda Meeyam unaba tingthoktuna thamu....

Yathangsingsi tabada phamnaibasing amana amada yengnaduna angakpa wakhal  amaga loinana maram khangninglammi.
Khara eechang thouba Phamnaiba amana yathang singsigi maram karigino? Hangjarami...

Wahangdugi paokhumdu Ningthourelna asumna pirammi.

1. Sigadouraba Mee amabu Aphaoba Foctor natraga maibana kanba ngamde haiba khangnabani.
2. Siraba Matungda sana- Lupa, Lal-Thumsi karisu kannadaba oire haiba khanghannabani.
3. Meeoibana siraba matamda karisu Pukhide haiba khangnabani...

Asumna Malemgi Leibak kaya khudum chanduna haina humna pallamba phaoraba 'Ningthourel' adu manung matam chadana asiba haibadudi maithiba piba ngamdana,karisu pukhidana Taibang thadokhi.

Abbreviations Govt Schemes and Yojanas

📌Abbreviations Govt Schemes and Yojanas
=============
1. UDAY : Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana
2. PMMY : Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana
3. PMJDY: Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
4. PMJJBY : Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana
5. PMSBY : Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
6. APY : Atal Pension Yojana
7. KVP : Kisan Vikas Patra
8. SBA : Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
9. PMSAGY : Pradhan Mantri Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana
10. AMRUT : Atal Mission For Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation
11. NGM : Namami Ganga Yojana
12. HRIDAY : Heritage City Development & Augmentation Yojana
13. MUDRA : Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency
14. SETU : Self Employment & Talent Utilization
15. NPS : National Pension Scheme
16. PMKVY : Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
17. PMKSY : Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
18. BBBP YOJANA : Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana
19. SSY : Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana
20. PMFBY : Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
21. PMGSY : Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
22. PMUY: Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
22. DGK : DailyGKZone Telegram Channel
23. PMGKY : Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
24. DICGC : Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation
25. TEC INDIA : Transform Energise And Clean India
26. PACS : Primary Agriculture Credit Societies
27. CPI : Consumer Price Index
28. WPI : Wholesale Price Index
29. CAD : Current Account Deficit
30. KVKs : Krishi Vigyan Kendras
31. MSMEs : Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
32. CBS : Core Banking Solution
33. CORE : Centralized Online Real Time Exchange
34. LTIG : Long Term Irrigation Fund
35. MIF : Micro Irrigation Fund
36. NAM : National Agricultural Market
37. DIDF : Dairy Processing and Infrastructure Development Fund
38. MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
39. PMAY : Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana
40. NRDWP : National Rural Drinking Water Programme
41. SWAYAM : Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds
42. PMKK : Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra
43. SANKALP : Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness For Livelihood Promotion Programme
44. STRIVE : Skill Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement
45. MSK : Mahila Shakti Kendra
46. NHB : NATIONAL HOUSING BANK
47. RRSK : Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh
48. M-SIPS : Modified Special Incentive Package Scheme
49. EDF : Electronic Development Fund
50. TIES : Trade Infrastructure for Export Scheme

General Awareness Questions Asked in IBPS RRB Office Assistant Mains Exam 2017

General Awareness Questions Asked in IBPS RRB Office Assistant Mains Exam 2017

1). Budapest is the capital city of_____?

Answer: Hungary

2). In UPI what is U?

Answer: Unified

3). 20th November celebrated as?

Answer: Universal Children’s Day

4). In RERA what is first R?

Answer: Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA)

5). In WMA what is A?           

Answer: Ways and Means Advances

6). Bhitarkanika park is located at __?

Answer: ‎Odisha, India

7). Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary located at______?

Answer: Haryana

8). Lake Baikal located at __?

Answer: Russia

9). In IFC, F stands for ?

Answer: Finance

10). Which Bank was established in 1988?

Answer: National Housing Bank

11). Men’s Hockey Asia Cup Tournament 2017 won by _?

Answer: India

12). Kidambi Srikanth is related to which Sports?

Answer: Badminton

13). Who is the author of The Golden House?

Answer: Salman Rushdie

14). __  is a banknote, of which a portion is missing or which is composed of more than two pieces

Answer: Mutilated Banknote

15). PMMY is Under __?

Answer: MUDRA Yojana

16). ___ term loan, typically taken out for a period of 2 weeks to 3 years pending the arrangement of larger or longer-term financing?

Answer: Short-term Loan (bridge loan)

17). Ram Mukherjee passed away. He is from which field-

Answer: Director

18). National Academy of Indian Railway (NAIR)was located at?

Answer: Vadodara.

19). Bangalore is situated on the bank of which river–

Answer: Vrishabhavathi

20). Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana scheme is available in which types of bank-

Answer: All Banks

About PMMY: Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) is a flagship scheme of Government of India to “fund the unfunded” by bringing such enterprises to the formal financial system and extending affordable credit to them. It enables a small borrower to borrow from all Public Sector Banks such as PSU Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Cooperative Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks, Micro Finance Institutions (MFI) and Non Banking Finance Companies (NBFC) for loans upto Rs 10 lakhs for non-farm income generating activities. The scheme was launched on 8th April, 2015 by the Hon’ble Prime Minister.

21). INDRA is a military exercise between India and which country?

Answer: RUSSIA

22).The Geographical Indications Registry (GIR) has granted geographical indication (GI) status to Gobindobhog rice, a speciality from Burdwan district of which state?

Answer: West Bengal

23).MMID Related question.

Answer: Mobile Money Identifier

24). Satya Pal Malik is the governor of which state?

Answer: Bihar

25). India and __ has recently launched “Startup sambandh” initiatives.

Answer: Sweden

26). Global Trust Bank merged with which bank?

Answer: Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC)

27). Who cannot issue credit card and loans?

Answer: Payment bank

Additional Info: Unlike a regular bank however, a payment bank can’t loan money to people, or issue credit cards. Also, the payment banks are only allowed to invest the money customers deposit into government securities.

28). What is the meaning of “A” in PCA?

Answer: Action

29). “CANDI app” was launched by which bank?

Answer: Canara bank

30). Indian Partition Museum is located at?

Answer: Amritsar

31). Manimahesh lake is located at?

Answer: Himachal Pradesh (Manimahesh is also known as Dal Lake)

BRICS SUMMITS

BRICS SUMMITS
Countries (5) - Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
.
6th BRICS Summit 2014 – Fortaleza, Brazil
7th BRICS Summit 2015 – UFA, Russia
8th BRICS Summit 2016 – Benaulim, Goa, India
9th BRICS Summit 2017 -- xiamen, china
10th BRICS Summit 2018 --- johnnesberg, south africa
🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛
G-20 Summits
Headquarters - Cancún, Mexico
Establishment - 20 August 2003
Chairperson- Angela Merkel,
Total Member Countries- 20
Countries = Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom United States,European Union

.
9th G 20 Meeting 2014 – Brisbane, Australia
10th G 20 Meeting 2015 – Antalya, Turkey
11th G 20 Meeting 2016 – Hangzhou, China
12th G 20 Meeting 2017 – Germany
13th G 20 Meeting 2018 – Argentina, Buenos Aires
🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛
G-7 Annual Summits (Earlier it was G8, Now Russia suspended Temporarily)
Establishment - 1975
Group of Seven Countries – France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States of America, Canada.
.
40th G8 Summit 2014 – Brussels, Belgium
41st G8 Summit 2015 – Schloss Elmau, Germany
42nd G8 Summit 2016 – Shima, Japan
43rd G8 Summit 2017 – Italy
44th G8 Summit 2018 – Canada
45th G8 Summit 2019 – France
46th G8 Summit 2020 - United States
47th G8 Summit 2021 - United Kingdom
🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛
SAARC Summits (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)
Headquarters – Kathmandu, Nepal
Formation - 16 January, 1987
First holder - Abul Ahsan
Secretary General– Arjun Bahadur Thapa
.
Countries (8)– Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
.
18th SAARC Summit 2014 – Kathmandu, Nepal
19th SAARC Summit 2016 – Islamabad, Pakistan ( cancelled )
🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛
ASEAN Summits (Association of South East Asian Nation)
Headquarters - Jakarta, Indonesia
Establishment - 8 August 1967
.
Total Countries – 10 (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Burma (Myanmar), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
Secretary General – Le Luong Minh (Vietnam)
Chairman - Philippines Rodrigo Duterte
.
24th ASEAN Summit 2014 (May)– Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
25th ASEAN Summit 2014 (November)– Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
26th ASEAN Summit 2015 (April)– Langkawi, Malaysia
27th ASEAN Summit 2015 (November)– Manila, Philippines
28th ASEAN Summit 2016 ( April ) – Vientiane – Laos
29th ASEAN Summit 2016 ( November )-Vientiane- Laos
30th ASEAN Summit 2017 (April) - Philippines,Metro Manila
31st ASEAN Summit 2017 (November) – Philippine, Clark, Freeport Zone
🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛
East Asia Summit (EAS)
Establishment - 1991 by Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.
Countries: Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, United States, Vietnam

.
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a forum held annually.
EAS meetings are held after annual ASEAN leaders’ meetings.
The first summit was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 14 December 2005.
.
9th East Asia Summit 2014 – Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
10th East Asia Summit 2015 – Kuala Lumpur .Malaysia
11th East Asia Summit 2016 – Vientiane, Laos
12th East Asia Summit 2017 – TBD, Philippines
🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛🔛
APEC Summits (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)
Headquarters – Singapore
Establishment - 1989
Total Countries – (Australia, Canada, Brunei, Chile, china, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Thailand, United States, Vietnam). These are total 21 countries.

Executive Director – Alan Bollard
.
26th APEC Summit 2014 – Beijing, China
27th APEC Summit 2015 – Philippines, Manila
28th APEC Summit 2016 – Peru, Lima
29th APEC Summit 2017 – Vietnam, Danang
30th APEC Summit 2018 - Papua, New Guinea Port Mores
31st APEC Summit 2019 - Chile
32nd APEC Summit 2020 - Malaysia
33rd APEC Summit 2021 - New Zealand
34th APEC Summit 2022 – Thailand
35th APEC Summit 2023 - Mexico
36th APEC Summit 2024 - Brunei
37th APEC Summit 2025 - Republic of Korea

Important events Mughal period - Akbar

Important events Mughal period - Akbar
-------------------------------
1. When was the second war of waterpath fought between and when?
► Between Akbar and Hemu Vikamaditya in 1556 AD
2. Who won the waterway in the Second Battle?
►Abdar
3. When and where was Akbar born?
►- During the stay of Humayun in 1542 AD, Akbar was born in the palace of Rana Birasal in Amarkot.
4. In whose protection Akrab ruled till 1560 AD?
►-Bairam Khan
5. What battle did Akbar fight as he sat on the throne and won?
►The Second Battle of Waterpath
6. What did Akbar finish?
►► Jizya
7. Where did Akbar first see the sea?
►-During Gujarat conquest
8. During the conquest of Gujarat, Akbar met foreigners?
►-Portuguese
9. When and when did the famous war of Haldighati occur?
In 1576 AD, Akbar's general King Mansingh defeated Maharana Pratap.
10. Where was Maharana Pratap king?
►Mayad
11. Which city was established by Akbar to Agra?
►- Fatehpur Sikri
12. By what name are the doors made for entering Fatehpur Sikri?
►-Buland Darwaza
13. In which celebration was the Buland Darwaza built?
►-On winning Gujarat by Akbar
14. What did Akbar create for religious discussions in Fatehpur Sikri?
► -Education
15. Which religion was established by Akbar?
►Tauhid-e-Elahi or Din-i-Elahi
16. Who was the first and last Hindu to accept Dhan-e-Elahi?
►Bearball
17. Apart from Birbal, which court judge accepted Din-i-Elahi?
►Fiji
18. Who were the famous people of Navratna in the court of Akbar?
►- Birbar, Mansingh, Faizi, Todarmal, Abdurrahim Khankhana, Abul Fazal, Tansen, Bhagwan Das and Mullah Do Piya.
19. Who created the composition of Aene Akbari and Akbarnama?
►Abdul Fazal
20. Who was appointed to implement the stamp system?
►Corry (District Officer)
21. Who gave Akbar the title of Shirikalam?
►AbdulSamad
22. Who got the title of Zerkalam?
►-Muhammad Hussain
23. What is the name of the Mahabharata translated by Persian?
►Ramnajana
24. Who translated the Mahabharata into Persian named Ramjanama?
►Badayu Nakiv Khan
25. By what name did Akbar translate the Panchatantra into Persian?
►-Anwar-e-Suhaili
26. Who wrote Anwar-e-Suhaili, the Persian translation of the Panchatantra?
►Abdul Fazal
27. Which method did Akbar adopt for land revenue?
►About
28. Who applied the mantra customs?
►Abdar
29. When did Akbar die?
►-1605 AD
30. Where did the tomb of Akbar be constructed?
►- Jahangir built Akbar's Tomb at Sikandra near Agra.
31. Which Sufi saints were contemporaneous by Akbar?
►-Sheikh Saleem Chishti
32. How did Birbal die?
►- In order to suppress the rebellion of Yusufajah
33. Important works of Akbar
►- Work - year
End of slavery - 1562
Tirtha Travel Tax End - 1563
Judge tax ended - 1564
Establishment of Fatehpur Sikri and
Transplanting of the capital city of Agra - 1571
Establishment of Kumbhalakhana - 1575
Admission to people of all faiths in Iabad Khanakhana - 1578
Declaration of wages - 1579
Establishment of Din-i-Elahi - 1582
The beginning of the Elahi Sanvat - 1583
Capital moved to Lahore - 1585

100 important questions of science-answer at a glance

 1. What are the births and birth control of bees?
Answer: Epiculture

 2. Is vitamin A helpful in blood clot formation?
Answer: K

 3. Calcium is called a mixture of aluminate and calcium silicate.
Answer: Cement

 4. In citrus fruits
Answer: citric acid

 5. The unit of work
Answer: Joule

 6. What is known as chloro-fluoro carbon?
Answer: Freien

 7. The only acid that dissolves gold
Answer: Aqua Regia

 8. The master of modern atom theory is considered
Answer: To John Dalton

 9. What type of teeth are used to cut apples with teeth?
Answer: rodents

 10. Which colors are mixed with green color?
Answer: Orange and purple

 11. means RNA
Answer: Ribo Nucleic Acid

 12. What is the movement of the pendulum?
Answer: Oscillation speed

 13. What percentage of the total gases present in the atmosphere is nitrogen?
Answer: 78%

 14. Who are the doctors in the investigation of the patients
Answer: Stethoscope

 15. Malaria is related
Answer: from fever

 16. Blood glucose level control is the hormone
Answer: Insulin

 17. What is known as the plaster of mortar using calcium hydroxide?
Answer: Lime water

 18. What is called the green material of the leaf, the leaves in photosynthesis?
Answer: Chlorophyll

 19. What is the gas in the brass air due to the presence of gas?
Answer: Oxygen

 20. The 'bar' of which is the unit
Answer: Atmospheric pressure

 21. The conformation is called the conversion of substance directly into the vapor phase.
Answer: Sublimation

 22. Whose layer is made of silver due to its formation
Answer: Sulfide layer

23. There is reason to be smallpox
Answer: Virus

 24. SI unit of resistance
Answer: Ohm

 25. The busiest human organ is
Answer: heart

 26. The simple and used baking soda in the bakery is in fact
Answer: Sodium bicarbonate

 27. Is the unit of heredity
Answer: Jean

 28. discovered the law of heredity
Answer: Gregory Mendel

 29. Cell membrane is found
Answer: both in plant and animal cell

 30. The permanent hardness of the water can be removed
Answer: By putting potassium paramagnet

 31. The maximum density of water is
Answer: at 4 ° C

 32. Which is used to remove the near-sight defects
Answer: Concave lens

 33. The largest artery in the human body
Answer: Aorta

 34. The largest natural satellite in the solar system
Answer: Ganymede

 35. In which part of the body is iodine stored
Answer: Thyroid gland

 36. What is the nucleus of plane mirror
Answer: infinite

 37. What is the strength of sound depends on?
Answer: Dimension

 38. Which stimulant exists in tea
Answer: Caffeine

39 Filariasis is caused by disease
Answer: worm

40 Human urine
Answer: Acidic
41. Vitamin A is the chemical name
Answer: Retinal

42. Where is the application of cryogenic engines?
Answer: Racket Technology

43 What glands are found on the side of palak
Answer: Mebomian

44 In which part of the human nervous system there is no enzyme
Answer: Grassica

45 Which enzyme is released from the stomach wall
Answer: Gastrin

46 What type of tissue is a blood type
Answer: connective tissue

47. Whose split occurs in cytokinesis?
Answer: Cellulose

48 Snake poison is
Answer: Protein

49 Which union has the highest number of castes
Answer: Orthopoda

50 The human body is the most commonly found element
Answer: Oxygen

51 The blood pressure of human beings is measured with what artery
Answer: Brankial Artery

52 Has the chemical name of humorous gas
Answer: Nitrous oxide

53 Is the inventor of calculus
Answer: Isaac Newton

53 Whom is conversion of sweet potato
Answer: Root

54 Who destroy the virus of AIDS?
Answer: Lymphocyte

55 The finger in the nail is present in the protein
Answer: Globin

56 Birds are called the process of flying
Answer: Braille

57 What is the protein part of enzyme called
Answer: Apoenzyme

58 What hormones are called 'emergency hormones'
Answer: Adrenaline

59 The center of wisdom is located
Answer: In cerebral cortex

60 Which enzyme helps in becoming a clot
Answer: Renin
61 Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of carbohydrate in our body?
Answer: amylase

62. What is the division of centroid
Answer: Carriocinesis

63. The branch of science that studies the process of 'old age'
Answer: Gerontology

64. What is the protein unit
Answer: Amino Acids

65 In which part of our body are the antibiati?
Answer: Tanisel

66 Bacteriophobia
Answer: Fats and cellulose

67. The plasma membrane is made of
Answer: Lipids and proteins

68 Cell wall is the main ingredient
Answer: Cellulose

69 What are the genetic units carrying genes
Answer: Chromosome

70. Nitrogen is an essential component of which?
Answer: Protein's

71 Cigarette smoke is the main pollutant
Answer: Carbon monoxide and nicotine

72 Who first classified the elements
Answer: Newland

74 Who is using Besemer Converter?
Answer: Cast Iron to Steel

75 All oils are known as organic compounds
Answer: Hydrocarbons

76. Anode of the dry cell is formed
Answer: Carbon

77 Which acid is found in red chicks?
Answer: Formic acid

78. Which acid is used in a cell containing lead
Answer: phosphoric acid

79 Displays the properties of an element
Answer: Atomic number

80 Is electrically nuclear
Answer: Depressed
81 Used to know the status of the submerged objects in the ocean
Answer: Sonar

82. Second period is the period of pendulum
Answer: 2 seconds

83 The substances that are less than the magnetized rejection are called
Answer: Per magnetic substance

84. The electromagnet is used as a crude
Answer: soft iron

85 Snell's law is related
Answer: From refraction of light

86. Which color of refractive index is the lowest in glass?
Answer: red color

87. The reason for the twinkling of stars is
Answer: Atmospheric refraction

88 Sunglasses have power
Answer: 0 diopter

89 Myopia has another name.
Answer: Danger of near vision

90 Which is used to connect broken bones.
Answer: Plaster of Paris

91. Which hormones emit excessively during stimulation
Answer: Adrenalin

92 The spice in common use, where the clove is obtained
Answer: From flower bud

93. The fastest growing plant?
Answer: Eucalyptus

94. Whom is conversion of sweet potato
Answer: Root

95. 'Hatraj' is the unit of measurement?
Answer: Frequency

96 Inventory invented
Answer: By Mendelif

97. Which disease is caused by Plasmodium vivax?
Answer: By Malaria

98 Is the mineral component of chlorophyll
Answer: Magnesium

99 Electric motor (AC)
Was the inventor
Answer: Nicola Tesla

100 Expressing the speed of the ship
Answer: In NAT

Manipur Sana-Leimayol

Manipur Sana-Leimayol,
Chingna Koina Pansaba,
Chingmina Koina Pan-Ngakpa!

My Manipur,
Prime of the mainland of the Land of Gold,
How bulwarked thou art by the ranges of thine
hills all round,
And sentinelled by the children of Nature on their
round!

                    A. Minaketan Singh

Ehul 1.4

Lost of Humanity

When we became the Trust deficit amongst the human beings.
Who shall we trust for?
The God?
When the society is full of Freelancer the society became an uncontrolled society.
The society changes when the Cultural ethos changes.
People preferred more and keeping the prime priority to record the unfaithful scenes to publicized it.
Instead of helping the victimized fellow.
Is this a sign of Globalization?
Or a character to possess by a Globalised and Civilized Technology made Man?

NDIAN GOVERNMENT INTRODUCED ONLINE SERVICES

NDIAN GOVERNMENT INTRODUCED ONLINE SERVICES

*Obtain:
🔴1.  Birth Certificate
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=1

🔴2.  Caste Certificate
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=4

🔴3.  Tribe Certificate
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=8

🔴4.  Domicile Certificate
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=5

🔴5.  Driving Licence
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=6

🔴6.  Marriage Certificate
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=3

🔴7.  Death Certificate
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=2

Apply for:
🔴1.    PAN Card
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=15

🔴2.     TAN Card
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=3

🔴3.     Ration Card
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=7

🔴4.     Passport
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=2

🔴5.     Inclusion of name in the Electoral Rolls
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=10

Register:  
🔴1.    Land/Property
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=9

🔴2.    Vehicle
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=13

🔴3.    With State Employment Exchange
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/howdoi.php?service=12

🔴4.    As Employer
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=17

🔴5.    Company
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=19

🔴6.    .IN Domain
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=18

🔴7.    GOV.IN Domain
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=25

Check/Track:
🔴1.    Waiting list status for Central Government Housing
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=9

🔴2.     Status of Stolen Vehicles
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=1

🔴3.    Land Records
http://www.india.gov.in/landrecords/index.php

🔴4.    Cause list of Indian Courts
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=7

🔴5.    Court Judgments (JUDIS )
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=24

🔴6.    Daily Court Orders/Case Status
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=21

🔴7.    Acts of Indian Parliament
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=13

🔴8.    Exam Results
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=16

🔴9.    Speed Post Status
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=10

🔴10. Agricultural Market Prices Online
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=6

Book/File/Lodge:
🔴1.     Train Tickets Online
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=5

🔴2.     Air Tickets Online
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=4

🔴3.     Income Tax Returns
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=12

🔴4.     Complaint with Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=14

Contribute to:
🔴1.      Prime Minister's Relief Fund
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=11

Others:
🔴1.      Send Letters Electronically
http://www.india.gov.in/howdo/otherservice_details.php?service=20

Global Navigation  
🔴1.     Citizens
http://www.india.gov.in/citizen.php

🔴2.     Business (External website that opens in a new window)
http://business.gov.in/

🔴3.     Overseas
http://www.india.gov.in/overseas.php

🔴4.     Government
http://www.india.gov.in/govtphp

🔴5.     Know India
http://www.india.gov.in/knowindia.php

🔴6.     Sectors
http://www.india.gov.in/sector.php

🔴7.     Directories
http://www.india.gov.in/directories.php

🔴8.     Documents
http://www.india.gov.in/documents.php

🔴9.     Forms
http://www.india.gov.in/forms/forms.php

🔴10.    Acts
http://www.india.gov.in/govt/acts.php

🔴11.  Rules
http://www.india.gov.in/govt/rules.php

BSC Match Point - October 2017*

*BSC Match Point - October 2017*

📃
•           The new chairman of the Railway Board — Ashwani Lohani
•           The former Chief Minister of Manipur who passed away recently — Rishang Keishing

•           The convener of the committee to select movies for the Irittmational Film Festival of India (IFFI) — Vivek Agnihotri

•           The state to which the NABARD has sanctioned a loan assistance of Rs.l,349.55 cr — Rajasthan

•           The official name of Google's Android 8.0 mobile operating system —Android Oreo

•           The firm whose board has approved the acquisition of (51.11% equity stake) HPCL — ONGC

•           The number of regional rural banks (RRBs) functioning in the country at present — 56

•           The city where the first regional centre of the New Development Bank (NDB) was officially opened recently —Johannesburg

•           The state which has taken the cloud-seeding project called Varshadhare' to harness rain-bearing clouds —Karnataka

•           The winner of the Indian Council of Food and Agriculture (ICFA)'s Global Agriculture Leadership Award — K Chandrasekhar Rao

•           The new High Commissioner of Pakistan to India —Sohail Mahmood
•           The bank which accounts for over 27 per cent of the total amount owed to public sector banks by wilful defaulters — SBI

•           The number of medals won by the Indian contingent at the World Dwarf Games in Toronto, Canada — 37

•           The new Goodwill Ambassador for Handicap International — Neymar
•           The new Executive Director of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) — Mamta Suri

•           The host city of the 2017 Women's Asia Cup of International Basketball Federation (FIBA) — Bengaluru

•           The new Managing Director and CEO of Industrial Finance Corporation of India — E Sankara Rao

•           The present President of Sierra Leone — Ernest Bai Koroma
•           The financial year followed by the RBI — Jul I to Jun 30
•           The revised penalty set by TRAI on mobile operators for not meeting the benchmarks — Rs.5 lakhs

•           The joint venture life insurance firm between HDFC and Standard Life — HDFC Life

•           The sponsor bank of the Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas Bank (APGVB) — State Bank of India

•           The banknote denomination which will soon be introduced in fluorescent blue colour bearing the motif of Hampi with Chariot' – Rs.50

•           The chairman of the Committee on Doubling Farmers' Income which submitted its report recently — Ashok Dalwai

•           The new Chairman and Managing Director of Hindustan Copper Limited — Santosh Sharma

•           The country where more than 400 people died in its capital in the recent mudslides caused by heavy rain — Sierra 'Leone

•           The growth rate of India's exports in Jul 2017 — 3.9 per cent
•           The retail inflation as measured by the consumer price index (CPI) in Jul 2017 — 2.36 per cent

•           The portal started by Akshay Kumar supported by National Informatics Centre (NIC) and powered by SBI —Bharat Ke Veer

•           The President of Kenya who was re-elected in the recent elections — Uhuru Kenyatta

•           The new Chairman of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) — Prasoon Joshi

•           The firm which has launched a rival to the Google-owned YouTube named Watch' — Facebook

•           The estimated fiscal deficit as a per cent of GDP in 2017-18 as per the second volume of the Economic Survey for 2016-17 — 3.2 per cent

•           The amount to be paid by the RBI as dividend to the govt for the year ended Jun 30 — Rs.30,659 cr

•           The online marketplace which has received an investment of $2.5 bn from SoftBank Vision Fund — Flipkart

•           The state govt which has launched a new awareness drive called Namanzi Gange Jagriti Yatra— Uttar Pradesh

•           NASA's spacecraft which is set to begin its final ultra-close orbits around Saturn before it ends its journey — Cassini

•           India's ranking on 2017 Global Retirement Index (GRI) topped by Norw

ay — 43rd

•           The first Indian to qualify for the final round of the World Championships in javelin throw — Davinder Singh Kang

• The former Union Minister of State for Water Resources who passed away recently — Sanwar Lai Jat
•           The venue of the recently concluded 15th BIMSTEC Ministerial Meeting — Kathmandu, Nepal

•           The new Chief Justice of India — Dipak Misra
•           The US athlete who defeated Usain Bolt to win 100m World Championships recently — Justin Gatlin

•           The state whose entire area was declared as "disturbed" under the AFSPA by the Centre recently — Assam

•           The bureaucrat who has been appointed as an Executive Director in the World Bank — S Aparna

•           The state which will get help from 2030 Water Resources Group (2030WRG) to raise $270 mn from the Green Climate Fund —Maharashtra

•           The first state to implement coal utilisation between power units in the country — Gujarat

•           The new Vice-Chairman of the NITI Aayog — Rajiv Kumar
•           The head of the High-Level Committee set up to review the Institutionalisation of Arbitration Mechanism in India — BN Srikrishna

•           The newly elected 13th Vice President of India — Venkaiah Naidu
•           Indian boxer who defeated Zulpikar Maimaitiali to retain the WBO Asia Pacific Super Middleweight title — Vijender Singh

•           The new increased authorised capital of NABARD — Rs.30,000 cr
•           The new Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of the Small. Industries Development Bank of India — Mohammad Mustafa

•           The telecom firm whose merger with Bharti Airtel was cleared by the NCLT recently — Telenor

•           The city where a regional centre of the global rice research institute IRRI is to come up — Varanasi

•           The agency with which India has signed a pact for financing USD 329 mn for the rural roads in Gujarat —Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)

•           The person who won the recent Presidential elections in Rwanda —Paul Kagame

•           The country which has announced plans to protect demobilised members of the FARC rebel force — Colombia

•           The community in India which celebrated its New Year Navroz' on 17 Aug — Parsi

•           The new Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Karur Vysya Bank — PR Seshadri

•           The interest subvention to be provided to banks on short-term crop loans of up to Rs.3 lakh — 2 per cent

•           The city named world's most liveable city in the Global Liveability Report 2017 — Melbourne — The least leavable city as per the report — Damascus.

•           The bank which has bagged the best performance award for SHG-bank linkage programme for Karnataka for 2015-16 and 2016-17 from Nabard —Corporation Bank

•           Winner of the Rogers Cup 2017 —Alexander Zverev
•           The city where India's first museum on Partition of the Indian subcontinent has been set up — Amritsar

•           The country which has the fastest mobile Internet in the world as per Ookla—Norway

•           The state govt which has launched "Durgama Anchalare Malaria Nirakaran" (DAMON) programme to prevent the spread of malaria — Odisha

•           The bank which has been conferred best performance award' for 2015-16 and 2016-17 by Nabard — Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank

•           The state which has launched 'Indira Canteen' scheme to provide food at low cost to the urban poor — Karnataka

•           The present Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Prasar Bharati — Shashi Shekhar Vempati

•           The country which was declared free from polio by the WHO recently —Somalia

•           The firm which has topped Forbes' list of the world's 100 most innovative companies — salesforce.com

•           Winner of the 65th edition of the prestigibus Nehru Trophy (Boat Race) — Gabriel Chundan

•           The venue of the recent five-day India-ASEAN Youth Summit —Bhopal
•           Winner of the first Kesari Media Award —TJS George
•           The host of the Summer Olympics in 2028 — Los A

ngeles
•           The population of elephants in India as per the Elephant Census 2017 —27,312
•           The world's oldest man certified by Guinness World Records who died recently aged 113 — Yisrael Kristal

•           The venues of the country's first aviation university — Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh

•           The Indian sportsperson who has been appointed as the WHO Goodwill Ambassador for Physical Activity in South-East Asia Region — Milkha Singh

•           India's next ambassador to the Republic of San Marino -- Reenat Sandhu
•           The German nun also known as the Mother Teresa of Pakistan who passed away recently — Ruth Pfau

•           The new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Jet Airways — Vinay Dube
•           The acting chief executive officer of the National Payment Corporation of India — Dilip Asbe

•           The state which has passed a bill which reclassifies coconut as a tree' — Goa

•           The firm which has launched Budding Star Programme' to help its employees achieve their dreams — Flipkart

•           The newly re-elected Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea — Peter O'Neill