#Singlei
Langban thana lakpada Satlare amuk Singalei Leirang masu.
Leirang kayana kenli leimaithakta .
Khara amadi leimai youdana tonganba talang Malang amada leiri.
Leirang singi pandambu meoibagi napada leiteng oiba fangjabadura?
Natraga Sidaba mapuda thenbadura?
Natragana Leimai thakta kenbadura?
Hingliba punsi asi Siba ngaina hingbadi Nate.
Leimaithakta kelaba Leirang khudingmak Lemma kenbadi mate.
Punsi sintha tungena matam khonglei tungena kenbadi.
#Singarei
#SEAFlora
English :Common purslane
Hindi : khursa
Manipuri :Leibak kundo
Group :Angiosperm (Dicotyledon)
Family :Portulacaceae
Genus :Portulaca
Species :oleracea Linn.
Habit :Succulent spreading herb
Parts Used :Whole plant
Mode of Preparation :Fresh leaves crushed with water for juice. Leaves are eaten as salad or chewed as a digestive.
Mode of use :Fresh and Local application
Leibak Kundo contains more omega-3 fatty acid than any other leafy vegetable plant.Purslane are potent antioxidants and have been found to have antimutagenic properties.Use is contraindicated during pregnancy and for those with cold and weak digestion. Leibak kundo is a clinically effective treatment for oral lichen planus, and its leaves are used to treat insect or snake bites on the skin, boils, sores, pain from bee stings, bacillary dysentery, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, postpartum bleeding, and intestinal bleeding.
Leaf juice is applied for relieving burning sensation of hand and feet, urination, relieves cough and enhance lactation in nursing mothers. Plant is used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic. Leaves and stems applied externally over burns, relieve pains and healing of wound. Seeds promote flow of urine, menstrual flow and expulsion of intestinal worms.
Whole plant contains carotine, viamines C, B1, B12, Ca, Mg, Na, K salts, organic acids, nicotinic acids, oxalic acid and biflavonoid.
*Meetei Gi Tha 12 gi Maming Kamdouna Thonkhi Haibdu Khngminnasi*
Taibang mioibana panthou ipada thabum ani aduga palem imada thabum tara naopuduna taibang faoraki asumna meeteigi sanamahi laininggi wangulonda lei hairiba tha 12 asida SACHIFU amadi KALEN hairiba tha ani asina Panthou Ipada leiringeigi thabum ani asini aduga INGA da gi houraga LAMTA faobasina Palem imada naopurakpadagi houduna hayeng taibangpanda faoraklaba matamdu faobaduni
1. SA + CHI + FU (SACHIFU) = SA (hakchang) CHI {machi oiba chinchakki machalsing (nutrients)} + FU (fudonglaga leiba) ----- Taibang hakchangnungsida eikhoina chariba chinjaksingdudagi machi oiba machalsingduna hakchang manungsida fudonglaga lei haibagi SACHIFU koui hairiba matam asida hakchangi khong khut singli naori sam tu kayat pumnamakta hairiba machi oiba machalsina changduna ikon konna fambi (spermotozoon) semlakpada 35 days changi.
2. KA + LEN (KALEN) = KA (kayat/ka/room) LEN (athoiba) LEN (lenba/leiba) ----- asigumlaba machi oiba machalsingsidagi semlakhiba fambi (eelik/spermotozoon) sina taibang hakchangnungsigi athoiba ka (KALEN) sida nonglenduna lei haibagi KALEN koukhi.
3. I/EE + NGA (INGA) = I/EE{eelik (spermotozoon) NGA (ngatharakpa/tarakpa) asumna Panthou Ipagi KA athoibada nonglenduna leikhiba eelik aduna palem imada ngatharaktuna palem imagi pibuknungda changkhi haibagi EE+NGA EENGA/INGA tha haina koukhi.
4. EE +NGEN (EENGEN) = EE (menstrual blood) NGEN (lepkhiba/mami samkhiba) hairiba tha asida palem imagi thagi khongkap lekphrani aduna tha asibu EENGEN koukhi.
5. THA/THOU + WAN (THAWAN/THOUWAN) = THA (month)/THOU (Thouwai) WAN (wanba-chaba like chara wanba) hairiba tha asidagi palem imagi thagi khongkap lepkhibadu Thouwai oiba taibang nouwa oibaduna chara wanduna machinchak oinakhi haibagi loidam THAWAN tha haina koukhi.
6. LANG + PAN/PAL (LANGPAN) = LANG (lang-ol) PAN/PAL (pankhei) hairiba tha asida nouwa oibadugi lang-ol dugi pankhei ama leple haibadi PI PA khangba ngamle haibagi loitam LANGPAL tha haina koukhi.
7. MI + LA = MILA ---- MI (loinaba mi marup/ thouwai 5 ga loinaba 6suba MI) adu mayek LAre asengba masak khangba gamle lengba otpa ngamlakle haibagi MIna mayek LArakpa thani haibagi loitam MILA tha haina khoukhi.
8. HIYANKEI = nouwa angangduna WAKYEI HIgi matougumna thak kha yet oi hairakpa (HIYANG HIREL gumna honba) ngamle haibagi loitam HIYANGKEI tha haina koukhi.
9. POINU = nouwa oibaduna tha asidadi (palemgi pibuknungda tha 7 surakpa) taibangda khongdarage haina POIduna leire haibagi loitam POINU tha haina koukhi tha asida taibang faohourabadi nouwa angang adu hingba ngammi.
10. WAKCHING = nouwa aduna poiduna leirambadagi WAKYEI HI gi HIRI (KHOIRI) amuk chingkhatkhduna Thoujal lan athoiba ICHI tattaba IRAI kangdaba pinabige khanduna amuk WAKYEI HI gi HIRI (KHOIRI) dubu CHINGkhatkhiduna thami haibagi loitam WAKCHING tha haina koukhi tha asida pokpa angangdi hingde.
N.B : (maram asinani WAKCHING thada ICHI TATTABI IRAI KANGDABI IMA IMOINUna THOUJAL LANBU LAN-KUBINABA haiduna Tha asida IRAAT THOUNI TOUNARIBASI).
11. FAILEL = tha asida (palem imagi pibuknungda tha 9 surakpa) nouwa aduna taibang thoklage khanduna mamangi thada chingkhatkhiba khoiri adu tharaklaga FAIduna matam ngaiduna LELli haibagi loitam FAILEL tha haina koukhi.
12. LAMTA = hairiba tha asidadi nouwa asina palem mamagi pibuknungdagi LAM (Malem Imagi tampak) asida Hunga mikapnana TArakle haibagi loitam LAMTA tha hainaThonkhi.
ꯅꯣꯡ ꯍꯣ ꯆꯨꯔꯣ
ꯍꯅꯨꯕꯥ ꯍꯅꯨꯕꯤ ꯇꯥꯎꯊꯔꯣ
ꯂꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯣꯟ ꯊꯨꯝꯍꯠꯂꯣ
ꯕꯥꯠꯁꯣꯢ ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯈꯠꯂꯤ꯫
Nong Ho Churo
Hanuba Hanubi Taotharo
Langjing Maton Thumhatlo
Patsoi Nurabi Tekhatlo
KINGS (MEETEI) OF THE THEN KANGLEIPAK (MODERN MANIPUR)
(Civilization of ~ 1450 years before Christ)
KINGS BEFORE 33 A.D.
1 Taangja Leelaa Paakhangba 1445-1405 B.C
2 Ningthou Kangba 1405-1359 B.C. 00-39 M.F (Malia Fam)
3 Malia Fambaalchaa 1359-1329 B.C. 39-69 M.F
4 Ningthou Kaksuba 1329-1297 B.C. 69-101 M.F
5 Ningthou Tonkonba 1297-1276 B.C. 101-122 M.F
6 Ningthou Pottingkoi 1276-1251 B.C. 122-147 M.F
7 Ningthou Laanbicha 1251-1229 B.C. 147-169 M.F
8 Ningthou Sapaiba 1229-1209 B.C. 169-189 M.F
9 Ningthou Puthiba 1209-1199 B.C. 189-199 M.F
10 Historical Gap: 1199-44 B.C 199-1354 M.F
I. Khoiyum Ingouba
II. Khing Khing Laangba
III. Ngaangjeng Leitakpa
IV. Khing Khing Ngaangba
V. Sana Manik
VI. Toukai Ngamba
VII. Tingkoi Ngamba
IX. Korou Nongdren Paakhangba
X. Sentreng and Kuptreng (the elder)
XI. Mechi Sanaa
XII. Khuman Lalheiba
XIII. Ahong Ningthou Haanba
XV. Ninghthou Kaangba
XVI. Lamyaingamba
11 Samlunghphaa 44-34 B.C. 1354-1364 M.F
12 Poireiton Khunthokpa 34-18 B.C. 1364-1380 M.F
13 Singtabung 18-8 B.C. 1380-1390 M.F
14 Paangminnaba 8-1 B.C. 1390-1397 M.F
15 Luwaang Khunthiba 1B.C.-5 A.D. 1397-1403 M.F
16 Luwaang Punshiba 5-33 A.D. 1403-1431 M.F
KINGS AFTER 33 A.D.
17 Nongda Lairen Pakhangba 33-153 A.D. 1431-1551 M.F.
18 Khuiyoi Tompok 153-263 A.D. 1551-1661 M.F
19 Taothingmang 263-363 A.D. 1661-1761 M.F
20 Khui Ningomba 363-378 A.D. 1761-1776 M.F
21 Pengsiba 378-393 A.D. 1766-1791 M.F
22 Kaokhangba 393-410 A.D. 1791-1808 M.F
23 Naokhamba 410-427 A.D. 1825-1915 M.F
24 Naophangba 427-517 A.D. 1825-1915 M.F
25 Sameiraang 517-567 A.D. 1915-1965 M.F
26 Uraa Konthouba 567-657 A.D. 1965-2055 M.F
27 Naothingkhong 662-762 A.D. 2060-2160 M.F
28 Khongtekchaa 762-772 A.D. 2160-2170 M.F
29 Keirencha 783-798 A.D. 2181-2196 M.F
30 Yaaraba 798-820 A.D. 2196-2218 M.F
31 Ayaangba 820-909 A.D. 2218-2307 M.F
32 Ningthou Cheng 909-948 A.D. 2307-2346 M.F
33 Chenglei Ipaan Laangba/Lanthaba 948-968 A.D. 2346-2366 M.F
34 Yanglou(n) Keiphaba 968-983 A.D. 2366-2381 M.F
35 Kainou Irengba 983-1073 A.D. 2381-2471 M.F
36 Loiyumba 1073-1121 A.D. 2381-2471 M.F
37 Loitongba 1121-1149 A.D. 2519-2547 M.F
38 Atom Yoiremba 1149-1162 A.D. 2547-2560 M.F
39 Hemtou Iwaan Thaaba
/ Iyanthaba 1162-1194 A.D. 2560-2692 M.F
40 Thawaan Thaba / Thayanthaba 1194-1230 A.D. 2592-2628 M.F
41 Chingthaang Laanthaaba 1230-1241 A.D. 2628-2639 M.F
42 Thingbai Selhongba 1241-1246 A.D. 2639-2644 M.F
43 Puroon Thaaba / Puranthaba 1246-1262 A.D. 2644-2660 M.F
44 Khumomba 1262-1277 A.D. 2660-2675 M.F
45 Moraamba / Moiramba 1277-1301 A.D. 2675-2699 M.F
46 Thaangbi Laanthaaba 1301-1323 A.D. 2699-2721 M.F
47 Kongyaamba 1323-1334 A.D. 2721-2732 M.F
48 Telheiba 1334 -1354 A.D 2732-2752 M.F
49 Tonaaba 1354-1359 A.D. 2752-2757 M.F
50 Tabungba 1359-1394 A.D. 2757-2792 M.F
51 Lairemba 1394-1399 A.D. 2792-2797 M.F
52 Pengshiba / Punsiba 1399-1432 A.D. 2797-2830 M.F
53 Ningthou Khomba 1432-1467 A.D. 2830-2865 M.F
54 Senbi Kiyaamba 1467-1507 A.D. 2865-2905 M.F
55 Koiremba 1507-1511 A.D. 2905-2909 M.F
56 Chingkhong Lamgai Ngamba / Lamkhyamba 1511-1522 A.D. 2909-2920 M.F
57 Nongyin Phaaba / Nongjinphaba 1522-1523 A.D. 2920-2921 M.F
58 Senbi Khomba / Kabomba 1523-1541 A.D. 2921-2939 M.F
59 Taangjaamba 1541-1544 A.D. 2939-2942 M.F
60 Chalaamba 1544-1561 A.D. 2942-2959 M.F
61 Mungyaamba 1561-1596 A.D. 2959-2994 M.F
62 Khagemba 1596-1651 A.D. 2994-3049 M.F
63 Khunjaoba 1651-1665 A.D. 3049-3063 M.F
64 Paikhomba 1665-1696 A.D. 3063-3094 M.F
65 Charairongba 1696-1708 A.D. 3094-3106 M.F
66 Paamheiba / Garibniwaj 1708-1747 A.D. 3106-3145 M.F
67 Chit Sai 1747-1751 A.D. 3145-3149 M.F
68 Bhorot Sai 1751-1752 A.D. 3149-3150 M.F
69 Moraamba 1752-1758 A.D. 3150-3156 M.F
70 Chingthang Khomba/Bheigya Chandra 1758-1961 A.D. 3156-3159 M.F
71 Moraamba 1761-1763 A.D. 3156-3158 M.F
72 Chingthang Khomba/Bheigya Chandra 1763-1798 A.D. 3158-3193 M.F
73 Labeinachandra /Harshachandra/Rohinhandra 1798-1801 A.D. 3193-3196 M.F
74 Madhuchandra 1801-1804 A.D. 3196-3199 M.F
75 Chourjit 1804-1814 A.D. 3199-3209 M.F
76 Marjit 1814-1819 A.D. 3209-3214 M.F.
77 Herachandra (Takuningthou) 1819-1820 A.D. 3214-3215 M.F.
78 Yumjaotaba 1820-1821 A.D. 3215-3216 M.F.
79 Gambhirsing 1821-1822 A.D. 3216-3217 M.F.
80 Joysing 1822-1823 A.D. 3217-3218 M.F.
81 Jadusing / Nongpok Chinglnkhomba 1823-1824 A.D. 3218-3219 M.F.
82 Raadhop / Raghabsing 1824-1825 A.D. 3219-3220 M.F.
83 Bhadrasing / Nongchup Lamgaingamba 1825-1826 A.D. 3220-3221 M.F.
84 Gambhirsing / Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba 1826-1834 A.D. 3221-3229 M.F
85 Chandrakirti 1834-1844 A.D. 3229-3239 M.F
86 Narasingh 1844-1850 A.D. 3239-3244 M.F
87 Devendra 1850-1850 A.D. (3 months) 3244-3244 M.F
88 Chandrakirti 1850-1885 A.D. 3244-3279 M.F
89 Surchandra 1885-1890 A.D. 3279-3284 M.F
90 Kulachandra 1890-1891 A.D. 3284-3285 M.F
91 Churachand 1891-1941 A.D. 3285-3335 M.F.
92 Bo(u)dhachandra 1941-1955 A.D. 3335-3349 M.F.
……….Contd….
Disclaimer: Not responsible for any omission/error. There may be (+/-) ~ 1 year difference in the reign.
#ORIGIN_OF_THE_UNIVERSE_তেংপান্বা_কারম্না_শেম্লকখিবগে!!!
The present universe began approximately 13.78 billion years ago with "Big Bang" as the Singularity Point. #The_BIG_BANG_created_the_Universe and formed space and time. The solar system was formed about 4.57 billion years ago.#The_Big_Bang_timeline which led to the formation & Evolution of the universe are the following:
1. #THE_BEGINNING_Time_Interval: (0-10^-43 sec); Temp (∞-10^32 K); Radius (<10^-52 m); Planck Epoch; Forces Unified:
Key Events – BIG BANG occurs; Universe Formed; radius of the Universe < 10^-50 cm; and energy in form of radiation. Four Fundamental Forces (Gravity, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, and Electromagnetism) all have same strength and are possibly unified into one Fundamental Force.
2. #Time_Interval: (10^-43 - 10^-36 sec); Temp (10^32-10^28 K); Radius (10^-52 - 10^-50 m); Grand Unification Epoch; Gravity Separates:
Key Events – Gravity separates from the other fundamental forces (which remain unified), and the earliest elementary particles (and antiparticles) begin to be created.
3. #Time_Interval: (10^-36 - 10^-32 sec); Temp (10^28-10^26 K); Radius (10^-50 m – 1 m); Inflationary Epoch:
Key Events – Separation of strong nuclear force initiates rapid exponential expansion whereby universe expands by a factor of 10^26 to 10 cm; universe filled with dense plasma of Quarks and Gluons.
4. #Time_Interval: (10^-36 - 10^-12 sec); Temp (10^28-10^16 K); Radius (10^-50 m – 12 light seconds (ls)); Electroweak Epoch; Strong nuclear force separates:
Key Events – Particle interactions create exotic particles of W,Z, and Higgs bosons. Higgs field slows particles and confers mass on them that allows a future universe made out of radiation to support particles that have mass.
5.#Time_Interval: (10^-12 - 10^-6 sec); Temp (10^16-10^13 K); Radius (12 ls – 3.3 lh); Quark Epoch; Weak and Electromagnetic forces separate:
Key Events – Four fundamentals forces now distinct and assume present form. Quarks, electrons, and neutrinos form in large numbers as the universe cools Quarks and Antiquarks annihilate each other upon contact, but surplus of quarks survives that will ultimately combine to form matter.
6.#Time_Interval: (10^-6 – 1 sec); Temp (10^13-10^10 K); Radius (3.3 lh – 137 ld); Hadron Epoch; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Quarks combine to form Hadrons (protons and neutrinos) and Anti-hadrons; and electrons collide with protons to form neutrons and emit massless neutrinos.
7.#Time_Interval: (1 sec – 3 min); Temp (10^10-10^9 K); Radius (137 ld – 1.2 ly); Lepton Epoch; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – After most Hadrons and Anti-hadrons annihilate each other, Leptons (such as electrons) and Anti-leptons (such as positrons) dominate mass of universe. Electrons and Positrons annihilate each other releasing energy in the form of photons.
8.#Time_Interval: (3 min – 240,000 yr); Temp (109- 5x10^3 K); Photon Epoch; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – In first 20 min temperature decreases to where atomic nuclei of Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium form (NUCLEOSYNTHESIS). Afterwards universe is filled with plasma, a hot opaque soup of atomic nuclei and electrons. Energy in universe dominated by photons that interact with charged protons, electrons and nuclei.
9.#Time_Interval: (240,000 yr – 300,000 yr); Temp (5x10^3 - 3x10^3 K); Recombination/Decoupling; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Density continues to decrease. Ionized hydrogen and helium are neutralized by captured electrons. Photons decouple from matter and are observed as the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). At the end of this period, universe consists of a fog of 75 % hydrogen, 25 % helium and traces of lithium.
10.#Time_Interval: (300,000 yr – 1.5x10^8 yr); Temp (3x10^3 – 55 K); Dark Era; Four forces distinct:
Key Events –Period after formation of atoms and before formation of stars. Diffuse matter remains essentially inactive. Although photons exist, the universe at this time is literally dark, with no stars having formed to give off light.
11.#Time_Interval: (1.5x10^8 yr – 1 billion yr); Temp (55 – 17 K); Re-ionization; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – First Quasars form from gravitational collapse and emitted radiation re-ionizes the constituents to form plasma. From this point on, universe remains as ionized plasma.
12.#Time_Interval: (1 billion yr – 1.5 billion year); Temp (17 – 14 K); Star and Galaxy Formation; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Gravity amplifies irregularities in density of primordial gas with small clouds increasing in density as universe continues to expand. Small, dense cloud of cosmic gas starts to collapse under their own gravity, becoming hot enough to trigger nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen atoms creating first stars. First stars are short-lived supermassive stars that burn out quickly and explode in massive supernova events with remnants forming subsequent generations of stars. Large volume of matter collapse to form galaxies and gravitational attraction pulls galaxies towards each other to form groups, clusters, and superclusters.
13.#Time_Interval: (8.5 billion yr – 9.2 billion year); Temp (4.5 K); Solar System Formation; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Sun is a late-generation star that incorporates debris from many generations of earlier stars. Solar System formed around Sun around 8.5 to 9 billion years after the Big Bang.
14.#THE_PRESENT_Time_Interval: (13.78 billion year); Temp (2.76 K); Radius (46.6 billion light year); Present; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – #EXPANSION_OF_THE_UNIVERSE_CONTINUES……!!!
#EVOLUTION_OF_LIFE_ON_EARTH
#মালেমদা_তাইবং_পুন্সি_সিং_হৌরকঙৈগি_তাংককসিং
#The_BIG_BANG_created_the_Universe approximately 13.78 billion years ago and formed space and time. The solar system was formed about 4.57 billion years ago, with planetary systems and Moons. In its 4.57 billion years circling the Sun, the Earth, being at Sun’s #GOLDILOCKS_ZONE, has harbored an increasing diversity of life forms with the #TIMELINE
1. For the last 3.6 billion years, simple cells (#Prokaryotes);
2. For the last 3.4 billion years, #Cyanobacteria performing photosynthesis;
3. For the last 2 billion years, complex cells (#Eukaryotes);
4. For the last 1.2 billion years, #Eukaryotes which sexually reproduce;
5. For the last 1 billion years, #Multicellular_life;
6. For the last 600 million years, #Simple_animals;
7. For the last 550 million years, #Bilaterians, water life forms with a front and a back;
8. For the last 500 million years, #Fish and proto-amphibians;
9. For the last 475 million years, #Land plants;
10. For the last 400 million years, #Insects and seeds;
11. For the last 360 million years, #Amphibians;
12. For the last 300 million years, #Reptiles;
13. For the last 200 million years, #Mammals;
14. For the last 150 million years, #Birds;
15. For the last 130 million years, #Flowers;
16. For the last 60 million years, the #Primates,
17. For the last 20 million years, the family #Hominidae (great apes);
18. For the last 2.5 million years, the genus #Homo (including humans and their predecessors);
19. for the last 200,000 years, anatomically #Modern_Humans
#Thus_modern_humans_evolved_on_Earth_about 200,000 years ago and may continue on Earth for another 4.5 billion years till the death of the Sun - #THE_DOOMS_DAY!!!
By
Raghu Ningthoujam
Scientist (ISRO)
