#Singlei
Langban thana lakpada Satlare amuk Singalei Leirang masu.
Leirang kayana kenli leimaithakta .
Khara amadi leimai youdana tonganba talang Malang amada leiri.
Leirang singi pandambu meoibagi napada leiteng oiba fangjabadura?
Natraga Sidaba mapuda thenbadura?
Natragana Leimai thakta kenbadura?
Hingliba punsi asi Siba ngaina hingbadi Nate.
Leimaithakta kelaba Leirang khudingmak Lemma kenbadi mate.
Punsi sintha tungena matam khonglei tungena kenbadi.
#Singarei
#SEAFlora
English :Common purslane
Hindi : khursa
Manipuri :Leibak kundo
Group :Angiosperm (Dicotyledon)
Family :Portulacaceae
Genus :Portulaca
Species :oleracea Linn.
Habit :Succulent spreading herb
Parts Used :Whole plant
Mode of Preparation :Fresh leaves crushed with water for juice. Leaves are eaten as salad or chewed as a digestive.
Mode of use :Fresh and Local application
Leibak Kundo contains more omega-3 fatty acid than any other leafy vegetable plant.Purslane are potent antioxidants and have been found to have antimutagenic properties.Use is contraindicated during pregnancy and for those with cold and weak digestion. Leibak kundo is a clinically effective treatment for oral lichen planus, and its leaves are used to treat insect or snake bites on the skin, boils, sores, pain from bee stings, bacillary dysentery, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, postpartum bleeding, and intestinal bleeding.
Leaf juice is applied for relieving burning sensation of hand and feet, urination, relieves cough and enhance lactation in nursing mothers. Plant is used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic. Leaves and stems applied externally over burns, relieve pains and healing of wound. Seeds promote flow of urine, menstrual flow and expulsion of intestinal worms.
Whole plant contains carotine, viamines C, B1, B12, Ca, Mg, Na, K salts, organic acids, nicotinic acids, oxalic acid and biflavonoid.
*Meetei Gi Tha 12 gi Maming Kamdouna Thonkhi Haibdu Khngminnasi*
Taibang mioibana panthou ipada thabum ani aduga palem imada thabum tara naopuduna taibang faoraki asumna meeteigi sanamahi laininggi wangulonda lei hairiba tha 12 asida SACHIFU amadi KALEN hairiba tha ani asina Panthou Ipada leiringeigi thabum ani asini aduga INGA da gi houraga LAMTA faobasina Palem imada naopurakpadagi houduna hayeng taibangpanda faoraklaba matamdu faobaduni
1. SA + CHI + FU (SACHIFU) = SA (hakchang) CHI {machi oiba chinchakki machalsing (nutrients)} + FU (fudonglaga leiba) ----- Taibang hakchangnungsida eikhoina chariba chinjaksingdudagi machi oiba machalsingduna hakchang manungsida fudonglaga lei haibagi SACHIFU koui hairiba matam asida hakchangi khong khut singli naori sam tu kayat pumnamakta hairiba machi oiba machalsina changduna ikon konna fambi (spermotozoon) semlakpada 35 days changi.
2. KA + LEN (KALEN) = KA (kayat/ka/room) LEN (athoiba) LEN (lenba/leiba) ----- asigumlaba machi oiba machalsingsidagi semlakhiba fambi (eelik/spermotozoon) sina taibang hakchangnungsigi athoiba ka (KALEN) sida nonglenduna lei haibagi KALEN koukhi.
3. I/EE + NGA (INGA) = I/EE{eelik (spermotozoon) NGA (ngatharakpa/tarakpa) asumna Panthou Ipagi KA athoibada nonglenduna leikhiba eelik aduna palem imada ngatharaktuna palem imagi pibuknungda changkhi haibagi EE+NGA EENGA/INGA tha haina koukhi.
4. EE +NGEN (EENGEN) = EE (menstrual blood) NGEN (lepkhiba/mami samkhiba) hairiba tha asida palem imagi thagi khongkap lekphrani aduna tha asibu EENGEN koukhi.
5. THA/THOU + WAN (THAWAN/THOUWAN) = THA (month)/THOU (Thouwai) WAN (wanba-chaba like chara wanba) hairiba tha asidagi palem imagi thagi khongkap lepkhibadu Thouwai oiba taibang nouwa oibaduna chara wanduna machinchak oinakhi haibagi loidam THAWAN tha haina koukhi.
6. LANG + PAN/PAL (LANGPAN) = LANG (lang-ol) PAN/PAL (pankhei) hairiba tha asida nouwa oibadugi lang-ol dugi pankhei ama leple haibadi PI PA khangba ngamle haibagi loitam LANGPAL tha haina koukhi.
7. MI + LA = MILA ---- MI (loinaba mi marup/ thouwai 5 ga loinaba 6suba MI) adu mayek LAre asengba masak khangba gamle lengba otpa ngamlakle haibagi MIna mayek LArakpa thani haibagi loitam MILA tha haina khoukhi.
8. HIYANKEI = nouwa angangduna WAKYEI HIgi matougumna thak kha yet oi hairakpa (HIYANG HIREL gumna honba) ngamle haibagi loitam HIYANGKEI tha haina koukhi.
9. POINU = nouwa oibaduna tha asidadi (palemgi pibuknungda tha 7 surakpa) taibangda khongdarage haina POIduna leire haibagi loitam POINU tha haina koukhi tha asida taibang faohourabadi nouwa angang adu hingba ngammi.
10. WAKCHING = nouwa aduna poiduna leirambadagi WAKYEI HI gi HIRI (KHOIRI) amuk chingkhatkhduna Thoujal lan athoiba ICHI tattaba IRAI kangdaba pinabige khanduna amuk WAKYEI HI gi HIRI (KHOIRI) dubu CHINGkhatkhiduna thami haibagi loitam WAKCHING tha haina koukhi tha asida pokpa angangdi hingde.
N.B : (maram asinani WAKCHING thada ICHI TATTABI IRAI KANGDABI IMA IMOINUna THOUJAL LANBU LAN-KUBINABA haiduna Tha asida IRAAT THOUNI TOUNARIBASI).
11. FAILEL = tha asida (palem imagi pibuknungda tha 9 surakpa) nouwa aduna taibang thoklage khanduna mamangi thada chingkhatkhiba khoiri adu tharaklaga FAIduna matam ngaiduna LELli haibagi loitam FAILEL tha haina koukhi.
12. LAMTA = hairiba tha asidadi nouwa asina palem mamagi pibuknungdagi LAM (Malem Imagi tampak) asida Hunga mikapnana TArakle haibagi loitam LAMTA tha hainaThonkhi.
ꯅꯣꯡ ꯍꯣ ꯆꯨꯔꯣ
ꯍꯅꯨꯕꯥ ꯍꯅꯨꯕꯤ ꯇꯥꯎꯊꯔꯣ
ꯂꯥꯡꯖꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯣꯟ ꯊꯨꯝꯍꯠꯂꯣ
ꯕꯥꯠꯁꯣꯢ ꯅꯨꯔꯥꯕꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯈꯠꯂꯤ꯫
Nong Ho Churo
Hanuba Hanubi Taotharo
Langjing Maton Thumhatlo
Patsoi Nurabi Tekhatlo
KINGS (MEETEI) OF THE THEN KANGLEIPAK (MODERN MANIPUR)
(Civilization of ~ 1450 years before Christ)
KINGS BEFORE 33 A.D.
1 Taangja Leelaa Paakhangba 1445-1405 B.C
2 Ningthou Kangba 1405-1359 B.C. 00-39 M.F (Malia Fam)
3 Malia Fambaalchaa 1359-1329 B.C. 39-69 M.F
4 Ningthou Kaksuba 1329-1297 B.C. 69-101 M.F
5 Ningthou Tonkonba 1297-1276 B.C. 101-122 M.F
6 Ningthou Pottingkoi 1276-1251 B.C. 122-147 M.F
7 Ningthou Laanbicha 1251-1229 B.C. 147-169 M.F
8 Ningthou Sapaiba 1229-1209 B.C. 169-189 M.F
9 Ningthou Puthiba 1209-1199 B.C. 189-199 M.F
10 Historical Gap: 1199-44 B.C 199-1354 M.F
I. Khoiyum Ingouba
II. Khing Khing Laangba
III. Ngaangjeng Leitakpa
IV. Khing Khing Ngaangba
V. Sana Manik
VI. Toukai Ngamba
VII. Tingkoi Ngamba
IX. Korou Nongdren Paakhangba
X. Sentreng and Kuptreng (the elder)
XI. Mechi Sanaa
XII. Khuman Lalheiba
XIII. Ahong Ningthou Haanba
XV. Ninghthou Kaangba
XVI. Lamyaingamba
11 Samlunghphaa 44-34 B.C. 1354-1364 M.F
12 Poireiton Khunthokpa 34-18 B.C. 1364-1380 M.F
13 Singtabung 18-8 B.C. 1380-1390 M.F
14 Paangminnaba 8-1 B.C. 1390-1397 M.F
15 Luwaang Khunthiba 1B.C.-5 A.D. 1397-1403 M.F
16 Luwaang Punshiba 5-33 A.D. 1403-1431 M.F
KINGS AFTER 33 A.D.
17 Nongda Lairen Pakhangba 33-153 A.D. 1431-1551 M.F.
18 Khuiyoi Tompok 153-263 A.D. 1551-1661 M.F
19 Taothingmang 263-363 A.D. 1661-1761 M.F
20 Khui Ningomba 363-378 A.D. 1761-1776 M.F
21 Pengsiba 378-393 A.D. 1766-1791 M.F
22 Kaokhangba 393-410 A.D. 1791-1808 M.F
23 Naokhamba 410-427 A.D. 1825-1915 M.F
24 Naophangba 427-517 A.D. 1825-1915 M.F
25 Sameiraang 517-567 A.D. 1915-1965 M.F
26 Uraa Konthouba 567-657 A.D. 1965-2055 M.F
27 Naothingkhong 662-762 A.D. 2060-2160 M.F
28 Khongtekchaa 762-772 A.D. 2160-2170 M.F
29 Keirencha 783-798 A.D. 2181-2196 M.F
30 Yaaraba 798-820 A.D. 2196-2218 M.F
31 Ayaangba 820-909 A.D. 2218-2307 M.F
32 Ningthou Cheng 909-948 A.D. 2307-2346 M.F
33 Chenglei Ipaan Laangba/Lanthaba 948-968 A.D. 2346-2366 M.F
34 Yanglou(n) Keiphaba 968-983 A.D. 2366-2381 M.F
35 Kainou Irengba 983-1073 A.D. 2381-2471 M.F
36 Loiyumba 1073-1121 A.D. 2381-2471 M.F
37 Loitongba 1121-1149 A.D. 2519-2547 M.F
38 Atom Yoiremba 1149-1162 A.D. 2547-2560 M.F
39 Hemtou Iwaan Thaaba
/ Iyanthaba 1162-1194 A.D. 2560-2692 M.F
40 Thawaan Thaba / Thayanthaba 1194-1230 A.D. 2592-2628 M.F
41 Chingthaang Laanthaaba 1230-1241 A.D. 2628-2639 M.F
42 Thingbai Selhongba 1241-1246 A.D. 2639-2644 M.F
43 Puroon Thaaba / Puranthaba 1246-1262 A.D. 2644-2660 M.F
44 Khumomba 1262-1277 A.D. 2660-2675 M.F
45 Moraamba / Moiramba 1277-1301 A.D. 2675-2699 M.F
46 Thaangbi Laanthaaba 1301-1323 A.D. 2699-2721 M.F
47 Kongyaamba 1323-1334 A.D. 2721-2732 M.F
48 Telheiba 1334 -1354 A.D 2732-2752 M.F
49 Tonaaba 1354-1359 A.D. 2752-2757 M.F
50 Tabungba 1359-1394 A.D. 2757-2792 M.F
51 Lairemba 1394-1399 A.D. 2792-2797 M.F
52 Pengshiba / Punsiba 1399-1432 A.D. 2797-2830 M.F
53 Ningthou Khomba 1432-1467 A.D. 2830-2865 M.F
54 Senbi Kiyaamba 1467-1507 A.D. 2865-2905 M.F
55 Koiremba 1507-1511 A.D. 2905-2909 M.F
56 Chingkhong Lamgai Ngamba / Lamkhyamba 1511-1522 A.D. 2909-2920 M.F
57 Nongyin Phaaba / Nongjinphaba 1522-1523 A.D. 2920-2921 M.F
58 Senbi Khomba / Kabomba 1523-1541 A.D. 2921-2939 M.F
59 Taangjaamba 1541-1544 A.D. 2939-2942 M.F
60 Chalaamba 1544-1561 A.D. 2942-2959 M.F
61 Mungyaamba 1561-1596 A.D. 2959-2994 M.F
62 Khagemba 1596-1651 A.D. 2994-3049 M.F
63 Khunjaoba 1651-1665 A.D. 3049-3063 M.F
64 Paikhomba 1665-1696 A.D. 3063-3094 M.F
65 Charairongba 1696-1708 A.D. 3094-3106 M.F
66 Paamheiba / Garibniwaj 1708-1747 A.D. 3106-3145 M.F
67 Chit Sai 1747-1751 A.D. 3145-3149 M.F
68 Bhorot Sai 1751-1752 A.D. 3149-3150 M.F
69 Moraamba 1752-1758 A.D. 3150-3156 M.F
70 Chingthang Khomba/Bheigya Chandra 1758-1961 A.D. 3156-3159 M.F
71 Moraamba 1761-1763 A.D. 3156-3158 M.F
72 Chingthang Khomba/Bheigya Chandra 1763-1798 A.D. 3158-3193 M.F
73 Labeinachandra /Harshachandra/Rohinhandra 1798-1801 A.D. 3193-3196 M.F
74 Madhuchandra 1801-1804 A.D. 3196-3199 M.F
75 Chourjit 1804-1814 A.D. 3199-3209 M.F
76 Marjit 1814-1819 A.D. 3209-3214 M.F.
77 Herachandra (Takuningthou) 1819-1820 A.D. 3214-3215 M.F.
78 Yumjaotaba 1820-1821 A.D. 3215-3216 M.F.
79 Gambhirsing 1821-1822 A.D. 3216-3217 M.F.
80 Joysing 1822-1823 A.D. 3217-3218 M.F.
81 Jadusing / Nongpok Chinglnkhomba 1823-1824 A.D. 3218-3219 M.F.
82 Raadhop / Raghabsing 1824-1825 A.D. 3219-3220 M.F.
83 Bhadrasing / Nongchup Lamgaingamba 1825-1826 A.D. 3220-3221 M.F.
84 Gambhirsing / Chinglen Nongdrenkhomba 1826-1834 A.D. 3221-3229 M.F
85 Chandrakirti 1834-1844 A.D. 3229-3239 M.F
86 Narasingh 1844-1850 A.D. 3239-3244 M.F
87 Devendra 1850-1850 A.D. (3 months) 3244-3244 M.F
88 Chandrakirti 1850-1885 A.D. 3244-3279 M.F
89 Surchandra 1885-1890 A.D. 3279-3284 M.F
90 Kulachandra 1890-1891 A.D. 3284-3285 M.F
91 Churachand 1891-1941 A.D. 3285-3335 M.F.
92 Bo(u)dhachandra 1941-1955 A.D. 3335-3349 M.F.
……….Contd….
Disclaimer: Not responsible for any omission/error. There may be (+/-) ~ 1 year difference in the reign.
#ORIGIN_OF_THE_UNIVERSE_তেংপান্বা_কারম্না_শেম্লকখিবগে!!!
The present universe began approximately 13.78 billion years ago with "Big Bang" as the Singularity Point. #The_BIG_BANG_created_the_Universe and formed space and time. The solar system was formed about 4.57 billion years ago.#The_Big_Bang_timeline which led to the formation & Evolution of the universe are the following:
1. #THE_BEGINNING_Time_Interval: (0-10^-43 sec); Temp (∞-10^32 K); Radius (<10^-52 m); Planck Epoch; Forces Unified:
Key Events – BIG BANG occurs; Universe Formed; radius of the Universe < 10^-50 cm; and energy in form of radiation. Four Fundamental Forces (Gravity, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, and Electromagnetism) all have same strength and are possibly unified into one Fundamental Force.
2. #Time_Interval: (10^-43 - 10^-36 sec); Temp (10^32-10^28 K); Radius (10^-52 - 10^-50 m); Grand Unification Epoch; Gravity Separates:
Key Events – Gravity separates from the other fundamental forces (which remain unified), and the earliest elementary particles (and antiparticles) begin to be created.
3. #Time_Interval: (10^-36 - 10^-32 sec); Temp (10^28-10^26 K); Radius (10^-50 m – 1 m); Inflationary Epoch:
Key Events – Separation of strong nuclear force initiates rapid exponential expansion whereby universe expands by a factor of 10^26 to 10 cm; universe filled with dense plasma of Quarks and Gluons.
4. #Time_Interval: (10^-36 - 10^-12 sec); Temp (10^28-10^16 K); Radius (10^-50 m – 12 light seconds (ls)); Electroweak Epoch; Strong nuclear force separates:
Key Events – Particle interactions create exotic particles of W,Z, and Higgs bosons. Higgs field slows particles and confers mass on them that allows a future universe made out of radiation to support particles that have mass.
5.#Time_Interval: (10^-12 - 10^-6 sec); Temp (10^16-10^13 K); Radius (12 ls – 3.3 lh); Quark Epoch; Weak and Electromagnetic forces separate:
Key Events – Four fundamentals forces now distinct and assume present form. Quarks, electrons, and neutrinos form in large numbers as the universe cools Quarks and Antiquarks annihilate each other upon contact, but surplus of quarks survives that will ultimately combine to form matter.
6.#Time_Interval: (10^-6 – 1 sec); Temp (10^13-10^10 K); Radius (3.3 lh – 137 ld); Hadron Epoch; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Quarks combine to form Hadrons (protons and neutrinos) and Anti-hadrons; and electrons collide with protons to form neutrons and emit massless neutrinos.
7.#Time_Interval: (1 sec – 3 min); Temp (10^10-10^9 K); Radius (137 ld – 1.2 ly); Lepton Epoch; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – After most Hadrons and Anti-hadrons annihilate each other, Leptons (such as electrons) and Anti-leptons (such as positrons) dominate mass of universe. Electrons and Positrons annihilate each other releasing energy in the form of photons.
8.#Time_Interval: (3 min – 240,000 yr); Temp (109- 5x10^3 K); Photon Epoch; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – In first 20 min temperature decreases to where atomic nuclei of Hydrogen, Helium and Lithium form (NUCLEOSYNTHESIS). Afterwards universe is filled with plasma, a hot opaque soup of atomic nuclei and electrons. Energy in universe dominated by photons that interact with charged protons, electrons and nuclei.
9.#Time_Interval: (240,000 yr – 300,000 yr); Temp (5x10^3 - 3x10^3 K); Recombination/Decoupling; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Density continues to decrease. Ionized hydrogen and helium are neutralized by captured electrons. Photons decouple from matter and are observed as the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). At the end of this period, universe consists of a fog of 75 % hydrogen, 25 % helium and traces of lithium.
10.#Time_Interval: (300,000 yr – 1.5x10^8 yr); Temp (3x10^3 – 55 K); Dark Era; Four forces distinct:
Key Events –Period after formation of atoms and before formation of stars. Diffuse matter remains essentially inactive. Although photons exist, the universe at this time is literally dark, with no stars having formed to give off light.
11.#Time_Interval: (1.5x10^8 yr – 1 billion yr); Temp (55 – 17 K); Re-ionization; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – First Quasars form from gravitational collapse and emitted radiation re-ionizes the constituents to form plasma. From this point on, universe remains as ionized plasma.
12.#Time_Interval: (1 billion yr – 1.5 billion year); Temp (17 – 14 K); Star and Galaxy Formation; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Gravity amplifies irregularities in density of primordial gas with small clouds increasing in density as universe continues to expand. Small, dense cloud of cosmic gas starts to collapse under their own gravity, becoming hot enough to trigger nuclear fusion reactions between hydrogen atoms creating first stars. First stars are short-lived supermassive stars that burn out quickly and explode in massive supernova events with remnants forming subsequent generations of stars. Large volume of matter collapse to form galaxies and gravitational attraction pulls galaxies towards each other to form groups, clusters, and superclusters.
13.#Time_Interval: (8.5 billion yr – 9.2 billion year); Temp (4.5 K); Solar System Formation; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – Sun is a late-generation star that incorporates debris from many generations of earlier stars. Solar System formed around Sun around 8.5 to 9 billion years after the Big Bang.
14.#THE_PRESENT_Time_Interval: (13.78 billion year); Temp (2.76 K); Radius (46.6 billion light year); Present; Four forces distinct:
Key Events – #EXPANSION_OF_THE_UNIVERSE_CONTINUES……!!!
#EVOLUTION_OF_LIFE_ON_EARTH
#মালেমদা_তাইবং_পুন্সি_সিং_হৌরকঙৈগি_তাংককসিং
#The_BIG_BANG_created_the_Universe approximately 13.78 billion years ago and formed space and time. The solar system was formed about 4.57 billion years ago, with planetary systems and Moons. In its 4.57 billion years circling the Sun, the Earth, being at Sun’s #GOLDILOCKS_ZONE, has harbored an increasing diversity of life forms with the #TIMELINE
1. For the last 3.6 billion years, simple cells (#Prokaryotes);
2. For the last 3.4 billion years, #Cyanobacteria performing photosynthesis;
3. For the last 2 billion years, complex cells (#Eukaryotes);
4. For the last 1.2 billion years, #Eukaryotes which sexually reproduce;
5. For the last 1 billion years, #Multicellular_life;
6. For the last 600 million years, #Simple_animals;
7. For the last 550 million years, #Bilaterians, water life forms with a front and a back;
8. For the last 500 million years, #Fish and proto-amphibians;
9. For the last 475 million years, #Land plants;
10. For the last 400 million years, #Insects and seeds;
11. For the last 360 million years, #Amphibians;
12. For the last 300 million years, #Reptiles;
13. For the last 200 million years, #Mammals;
14. For the last 150 million years, #Birds;
15. For the last 130 million years, #Flowers;
16. For the last 60 million years, the #Primates,
17. For the last 20 million years, the family #Hominidae (great apes);
18. For the last 2.5 million years, the genus #Homo (including humans and their predecessors);
19. for the last 200,000 years, anatomically #Modern_Humans
#Thus_modern_humans_evolved_on_Earth_about 200,000 years ago and may continue on Earth for another 4.5 billion years till the death of the Sun - #THE_DOOMS_DAY!!!
By
Raghu Ningthoujam
Scientist (ISRO)
#মীতৈগি_নুমিৎ_কাপ্পাগি_ৱারীদা_science_কি_মিৎয়েং!
#SCIENTIFIC_PROOF_OF_NUMIT_KAPPA_SHOOTING_DOWN_OF_AN_EXTRA_SUN?? #WAS_THERE_REALLY_A_SECOND_SUN_IN_OUR_SOLAR_SYSTEM?
মীতৈ ঐখোইগী ৱারিদা হাইনাবা লৈ থাইনা নুমিৎ অনি থোকলমবদগী য়ামনা শাই হাইদুনা খৱাই নুংজেং পিবানা নুমিৎ অমা কাপথাখি হাইনা.....
There is a chronicle in the history of then Kangleipak (present Manipur) that There were two Suns in the then sky and there was searing heat due to the two Suns, so the then King ordered a famous archer Khwai Nungjeng Piba to shoot down one Sun. Thus, the archer Khwai Nungjeng Piba shot down one Sun and there is only Sun since then in solar system and a solar system with one Sun is then friendly to human life.
There is a similar story in Chinese history too during during the Hsia dynasty (2205-1782 BC) when our cosmic environment suddenly changed, Ten suns appeared in the sky. The people on earth suffered greatly from the heat, so the emperor ordered a famous archer to shoot down the extra suns. The archer was rewarded with a pill that had the power to make him immortal, but his wife stole it. For that offense she was banished to the moon.
How far these stories are true? Is there a Second Sun in Our Solar System? Did our sun have a twin when it was born 4.5 billion years ago?
So far there are no findings or signs of Ten Suns in solar system as mentioned in Chinese tale. Yet, the Solar System once had two Suns as told in Meetei Puya (secred writings), scientists believe. There are two main scientific theories which support the existence of two Suns in our solar system several million years ago. One Theory is based on the mass Extinction of Species like Dinosaurs Extinction 65 million years ago and other theory is based on the composition of planets of solar system.
A study shows that there was a second sun (star) in the solar system used to orbit in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter (Picture below). A second sun was in the sky around 200 million years ago! Some of its remains are found now in the main asteroid belt. It was a very huge sun. Not smaller than the current sun, if not bigger. Because the second sun was much hotter than the existing sun, it ran out of fuel much faster. The Earth 200 million years ago with 2 suns, one sun sets and the other sun immediately rises, thereby no nights at that time. Basically the second sun did NOT explode as supernova, but slowly cool down and fade away over time and ends its life as white dwarf, but with rocks and metals! From the leftover materials in the asteroid belt and the amount of rocks and metals that have been delivered to the planets, we can see that the second sun had too much resource for the Earth and the other planets in the solar system (graphical summary below).
Another theory for the existence of Second Sun in solar system is #Nemesis_Star_Theory-The Sun's 'Death Star' Brother. Most stars in the universe are born with a ‘brother’ and our own Sun is likely to be no exception. Binary star systems (two stars orbiting the same center of mass) are quite common. In fact, Alpha Centauri, our solar system’s nearest neighbor, is a binary system. Astronomers estimate that around half of all stars in our galaxy have at least one companion. Therefore, the existence of Nemesis would not be surprising at all, at least statistically. Nemesis is a hypothetical red dwarf or brown dwarf, originally postulated in 1984 to be orbiting the Sun at a distance of about 95,000 AU (1.5 light-years), somewhat beyond the Oort cloud, to explain a perceived cycle of mass extinctions of Dinosaurs in the geological record, which seem to occur more often at intervals of 26 million years.
In fact, this ‘evil twin’ which has been dubbed Nemesis, may have been responsible for kicking an asteroid into Earth’s orbit which led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. The regular rate of mass extinctions on Earth - every 26 million years - was caused by a mysterious extraterrestrial source. But, despite years of searching, nobody could ever find it. Scientists believe Nemesis must have existed after studying a giant cloud of recently formed stars in the constellation Perseus. Astronomers found 55 baby stars in 24 multiple-star systems, and all but five of them had companion stars. There were also 45 single young stars which had probably lost their sibling.
Thus, Astronomers concluded that the only way to explain the observations is to assume that all stars like the Sun start off with a twin, and some 60 percent split up over time. The rest shrink to form tight binary systems. The orbit of the Second Sun (Nemesis) was very wide, inherently stable and could not have lasted long. This instable orbit could have resulted in an orbit that changed greatly over billions of years , and in the next billion years, the Second Sun might have been thrown free of the solar system. Thus, the Sun’s sibling most likely escaped billions of years ago, mixing with all the other stars in our region of the Milky Way galaxy, and impossible to locate. Nobody has ever seen Nemesis, nor has it been located using current technology, never to be seen again!!! #Perhaps_it_would_be_the_Scientific_Proof_of_NUMIT_KAPPA_SHOOTING_DOWN_OF_EXTRA_SUN???
By : Ningthoujam Raghu
Scientist , ISRO
#হানুবি_হানুবা_ফৌ_শুবগী_ৱারি_AND_SCIENCE!!!
মীতৈ ঐখোইগী ৱারিদা হাইনাবা লৈ থাইনা সোরারেন্ আতিয়াসি য়ামনা নেমলম্মি, খূৎনা লাম্বা ফংলম্মি, হানুবি হানুবানা ফৌ শুবাদা শূকনা থেংলম্মি, ফৌ শুবা নুংঙাইতে হাইদুনা, আতিয়াসি শূকনা শুগৎখি।।।
The above Meetei mythological tale goes like this “Once upon a time, the sky was very very low in such a way that even our hands can touch it! Because of the low height of the sky, the pestle which was used by our grandparents in pounding the paddy was also touching the sky and had a lot of inconvenience! Thus, their pestle pushed the sky up so as to avoid their troubles in pounding the paddy. Then, the sky went up far since then!!!”
#The_following_is_the_science_behind_the_tale:
Since 1687 to early 20th century, the most popular and accepted model of the universe is “#the_Static_Universe” as proposed by Sir Issac Newton in his “Principia”, wherein the universe is static, neither expanding nor contracting. However, in 1917 Albert Einstein while solving the equations of his revolutionary General Theory of Relativity found that universe is expanding which is contrary to the most popular Static Model at that time ! Thus, he had a doubt on his results and did not believe results of his own equations because of the fear of then scientific community who all were in favour of static universe model. Thus, he introduced a fudge factor called #Cosmological_Constant to counteract the expansion and concluded that Universe is Static and declared that his theory is in consistent with the Static Universe model.
12 years later, in 1929, the American astronomer Edwin Hubble stunned the scientific community by announcing a dramatic discovery that #Universe_is_Expanding, but not Static. Hubble found that the light coming from the galaxies was shifted a little towards the red end of the spectrum due to the Doppler effect (known as “redshift”), which indicated that the galaxies were moving away from us. Hubble showed that, in our expanding universe, every galaxy is rushing away from us with a speed which is in direct proportion to its distance, known as Hubble’s Law (V=HD).
Thus, Hubble’s discovery led to abandon the Static Universe model, gave birth of Expanding Universe Model in 1929, and Einstein was also forced to remove his cosmological constant and to announce that introduction of Cosmological Constant as his “#Biggest_Blunder” he had ever made in his life. Thus, Einstein missed his second #Nobel_Prize in General Theory of Relativity in his life otherwise he could have predicted expanding universe 12 years before Hubble and grabbed Nobel Prize. He landed up his Nobel Prize in Photoelectric Effect in 1921.
If we look backwards, as the universe expands, if the galaxies were flying apart, then clearly, at some earlier time, the universe was smaller than at present. In other words, it is as equivalent as saying that the: #Sky_was_very_low_as_if_the_Pestle_was_touching_it_as_viewed_from_Earth. #The_Pestle_of_the_grandparents_pushed_the_sky_up_and_the_sky_went_up_far_since_then_means_that
#universe_is_continously_expanding!!!
Also, following back logically, like a movie played in reverse, it must ultimately have had some beginning when it was very tiny indeed, an idea which gave rise to the theory of the Big Bang.
Such #Paradigm_shift discoveries in cosmology were subtly narrated in these thousands of years old Meetei mythogolical tale, which modern science came to know only in 1929.
By : Ninhthoujam Raghu
Scientists ISRO
Complete List Of Blue Whale Challenges
1. Carve with a razor "f57" on your hand, send a photo to the curator.
2. Wake up at 4.20 a.m. and watch psychedelic and scary videos that curator sends you.
3. Cut your arm with a razor along your veins, but not too deep, only 3 cuts, send a photo to the curator.
4. Draw a whale on a sheet of paper, send a photo to curator.
5. If you are ready to "become a whale", carve "YES" on your leg. If not, cut yourself many times (punish yourself).
6. Task with a cipher.
7. Carve "f40" on your hand, send a photo to curator.
8. Type "#i_am_whale" in your VKontakte status.
9. You have to overcome your fear.
10. Wake up at 4:20 a.m. and go to a roof (the higher the better)
11. Carve a whale on your hand with a razor, send a photo to curator.
12. Watch psychedelic and horror videos all day.
13. Listen to music that "they" (curators) send you.
14. Cut your lip.
15. Poke your hand with a needle many times
16. Do something painful to yourself, make yourself sick.
17. Go to the highest roof you can find, stand on the edge for some time.
18. Go to a bridge, stand on the edge.
19. Climb up a crane or at least try to do it
20. The curator checks if you are trustworthy.
21. Have a talk "with a whale" (with another player like you or with a curator) in Skype.
22. Go to a roof and sit on the edge with your legs dangling.
23. Another task with a cipher.
24. Secret task.
25. Have a meeting with a "whale."
26. The curator tells you the date of your death and you have to accept it.
27. Wake up at 4:20 a.m. and go to rails (visit any railroad that you can find).
28. Don't talk to anyone all day.
29. Make a vow that "you're a whale."
30-49. Everyday you wake up at 4:20am, watch horror videos, listen to music that "they" send you, make 1 cut on your body per day, talk "to a whale."
50. Jump off a high building. Take your life.
Tradition of rebirth and cyclic nature of life of the Kangleicha Meetei Race.
The Kangleicha Meetei Race is a Race having extreme belief in the rebirth of human soul. During the time of Kanglei Monarchs, when a person is convicted of a serious crime, like treason, he was killed by the state executioner. The highest court, the king with seven Maichous, will say to the executioner 'Angang Olhanlo' = 'Change him to child' meaning 'the man will be born as child' after his death by gallows.
Everybody upto this day a man or a woman born as a Meetei knows very well that when a person is about to die, he/she is put over a Changpi banana tree leave using a part of the Changpi banana tree as pillow inside a Khangpokshang in the Sumang (like courtyard) of the Meetei home. Khangpokshang is a compound word.
Khangpokshang = Khang + pok + shang = Khang means Khangpa (Khangba), further means to endure the pains and suffering prior to death + Pok means Pokpa, further means to be born + Shang means hut. Therefore, Khangpokshang, for the Meetei Race, is a hut in which a dying person waiting his/her rebirth self controlling his/her sufferings and pains just before death. Every body must know that a Meetei person lies inside the Khangpokshang just before death facing up the sky. An example of extreme belief in the rebirth process of life.
'Khamchinkon' is a word/concept very frequently used in the scripture called 'Kham-oi Yang-oi Sekning', a Puya in which the life, birth-death-birth, is discussed in details.
'Khamchinkon' = Kham + chin + kon = Kham means khampa = khamba means end ( end of life) + chin means machin further means beginning + kon means konnachak further means coiled position of a child before birth in the mother's womb. Therefore khamchinkon means the process of life (soul), death > birth > death ..... unending circle of life (soul).
There are two words/concepts, chakpalon and chakoi, which are discussed in details in two Puyas called Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Ama-Ilon Pukok and Polpilang. Polpilang = Polpi + lang = Polpi means life (soul) + lang means body. Therefore Polpilang means soul and body (soul body).
There are four chaks in the Meetei mythology' Hei chak, Ha chak, Kona' chak, Langpa chak. Hei chak means (time) of the father in which the soul (thouwai) of human beings resides in the father, in Ha chak and Kona chak the soul resides in the mother, and Langba chak means human life time as man and woman. After human beings lived for a time as man and woman, they die and the souls return to the human father, and repeat the 4 chak process of human life.
The mythology of the Meetei Race, chakpalon and chakoi, is studied in the above mentioned two Puyas. Chakpalon = Chakpa + lon = chakpa means chak further means 4 stages (times) of life cycle + Lon means study and results thereof. Chakoi = chak + koi = chak means chak (time) + koi means round (circle).
Therefore, chakpalon and chakoi means life and death and their cyclic nature in the universal process ordained by the universal father, the God creator.
Inspite of the extreme belief of the Meetei Race in the cyclic process of life and soul, there is not a single instance of symbolic representation like Ouroboros in traditions, Mythologies and Puyas or otherwise in ancient times of Kangleipak.
Source: Internet.
N.B.: Need further study and research. Meant for archive purposes
#মীতৈগি_নুমিৎ_কাপ্পাগি_ৱারীসিবু_তসেংনা_চুম্বরা!!
#WAS_THERE_REALLY_A_SECOND_SUN_IN_OUR_SOLAR_SYSTEM?
মীতৈ ঐখোইগী ৱারিদা হাইনাবা লৈ থাইনা নুমিৎ অনি থোকলমবদগী য়ামনা শাই হাইদুনা খৱাই নুংজেং পিবানা নুমিৎ অমা কাপথাখি হাইনা.....
There is a chronicle in the history of then Kangleipak (present Manipur) that There were two Suns in the then sky and there was searing heat due to the two Suns, so the then King ordered a famous archer Khwai Nungjeng Piba to shoot down one Sun. Thus, the archer Khwai Nungjeng Piba shot down one Sun and there is only Sun since then in solar system and a solar system with one Sun is then friendly to human life.
There is a similar story in Chinese history too during during the Hsia dynasty (2205-1782 BC) when our cosmic environment suddenly changed, Ten suns appeared in the sky. The people on earth suffered greatly from the heat, so the emperor ordered a famous archer to shoot down the extra suns. The archer was rewarded with a pill that had the power to make him immortal, but his wife stole it. For that offense she was banished to the moon.
How far these stories are true? Is there a Second Sun in Our Solar System? Did our sun have a twin when it was born 4.5 billion years ago?
So far there are no findings or signs of Ten Suns in solar system. Yet, the Solar System once had two Suns, scientists believe. There are two main scientific theories which support the existence of two Suns in our solar system several million years ago. One Theory is based on the mass Extinction of Species like Dinosaurs Extinction 65 million years ago and other theory is based on the composition of planets of solar system.
A study shows that there was a second sun (star) in the solar system used to orbit in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter (Picture below). A second sun was in the sky around 200 million years ago! Some of its remains are found now in the main asteroid belt. It was a very huge sun. Not smaller than the current sun, if not bigger. Because the second sun was much hotter than the existing sun, it ran out of fuel much faster. The Earth 200 million years ago with 2 suns, one sun sets and the other sun immediately rises, thereby no nights at that time. Basically the second sun did NOT explode as supernova, but slowly cool down and fade away over time and ends its life as white dwarf, but with rocks and metals! From the leftover materials in the asteroid belt and the amount of rocks and metals that have been delivered to the planets, we can see that the second sun had too much resource for the Earth and the other planets in the solar system (graphical summary below).
Another theory for the existence of Second Sun in solar system is #Nemesis_Star_Theory-The Sun's 'Death Star' Brother. Most stars in the universe are born with a ‘brother’ and our own Sun is likely to be no exception. Binary star systems (two stars orbiting the same center of mass) are quite common. In fact, Alpha Centauri, our solar system’s nearest neighbor, is a binary system. Astronomers estimate that around half of all stars in our galaxy have at least one companion. Therefore, the existence of Nemesis would not be surprising at all, at least statistically. Nemesis is a hypothetical red dwarf or brown dwarf, originally postulated in 1984 to be orbiting the Sun at a distance of about 95,000 AU (1.5 light-years), somewhat beyond the Oort cloud, to explain a perceived cycle of mass extinctions of Dinosaurs in the geological record, which seem to occur more often at intervals of 26 million years.
In fact, this ‘evil twin’ which has been dubbed Nemesis, may have been responsible for kicking an asteroid into Earth’s orbit which led to the extinction of the dinosaurs. The regular rate of mass extinctions on Earth - every 26 million years - was caused by a mysterious extraterrestrial source. But, despite years of searching, nobody could ever find it. Scientists believe Nemesis must have existed after studying a giant cloud of recently formed stars in the constellation Perseus. Astronomers found 55 baby stars in 24 multiple-star systems, and all but five of them had companion stars. There were also 45 single young stars which had probably lost their sibling.
Thus, Astronomers concluded that the only way to explain the observations is to assume that all stars like the Sun start off with a twin, and some 60 percent split up over time. The rest shrink to form tight binary systems. The orbit of the Second Sun (Nemesis) was very wide, inherently stable and could not have lasted long. This instable orbit could have resulted in an orbit that changed greatly over billions of years , and in the next billion years, the Second Sun might have been thrown free of the solar system. Thus, the Sun’s sibling most likely escaped billions of years ago, mixing with all the other stars in our region of the Milky Way galaxy, and impossible to locate. Nobody has ever seen Nemesis, nor has it been located using current technology, never to be seen again!!! #Perhaps_it_would_be_the_Scientific_Proof_of_NUMIT_KAPPA???
By
Raghu Ningthoujam
Scientist (ISRO)
